A quick guide to menopause

What is menopause?

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles. It is officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. Menopause typically occurs in women in their late 40s to early 50s, but it can also happen earlier or later. This transition period leading up to menopause is known as perimenopause and can last several years. In her latest online article, renowned consultant GP and women’s health expert Dr Davina Woodward answers her patients’ most frequent questions and concerns regarding menopause.

Symptoms of menopause

Menopause affects every woman differently, but there are common symptoms that many experience during this transition. These symptoms can vary in severity and duration. Key symptoms include:

Hot flashes: Sudden feelings of heat that can spread over the upper body, often accompanied by sweating and a red, flushed face.

Night sweats: Severe hot flashes that occur during sleep and can lead to discomfort and disrupted rest.

Irregular periods: Changes in menstrual cycle frequency, duration, and flow are common as menopause approaches.

Vaginal dryness: Decreased oestrogen levels can cause dryness and discomfort in the vaginal area, often leading to painful intercourse.

Mood changes: Fluctuating hormone levels can contribute to mood swings, irritability, and even depression.

Sleep problems: Insomnia and other sleep disturbances can be caused by night sweats or other menopausal symptoms.

Weight gain: Changes in metabolism during menopause can lead to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.

Thinning hair and dry skin: Reduced oestrogen can affect skin and hair health, leading to thinning hair and dry skin.

How is menopause treated?

While menopause is a natural phase of life, its symptoms can significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Several treatments and lifestyle changes can help manage these symptoms:

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): This treatment involves taking oestrogen and sometimes progesterone to replace the hormones the body no longer produces. HRT can effectively relieve many menopausal symptoms but may not be suitable for everyone due to potential risks.

Non-hormonal medications: These include antidepressants, which can help with mood swings and hot flashes, and medications specifically designed to treat osteoporosis.

Lifestyle changes:

• Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D can support bone health. Avoiding spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol may help reduce hot flashes.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve mood, aid in weight management, and strengthen bones.
• Stress reduction: Practices such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises can help manage stress and improve overall well-being.

Alternative therapies: Some women find relief through acupuncture, herbal supplements, and other alternative treatments. It is essential to discuss these options with a healthcare provider to ensure they are safe and effective.

Vaginal oestrogen: For vaginal dryness, low-dose oestrogen creams, tablets, or rings can be applied directly to the vaginal area to alleviate discomfort without significantly increasing overall oestrogen levels.

Menopause is a significant life transition that can bring various physical and emotional challenges. Understanding what menopause is, recognising its symptoms, and knowing the available treatment options can help women navigate this phase more comfortably.

If you're experiencing menopausal symptoms, you can book a consultation with Dr Davina Woodward today via her Top Doctors profile.