What is being analysed?

Tests for proteins in urine detect and measure the proteins excreted in urine. In a healthy individual, proteins are not normally found in urine, except transiently due to situations such as infections, stress, pregnancy, or dietary factors. Persistent presence of proteins in urine indicates kidney damage. Different tests evaluate protein presence in urine. A semi-quantitative test is often performed alongside urinalysis, and it typically uses a random urine sample. A 24-hour quantitative test measures the amount of proteins excreted in urine over a 24-hour period, expressed in mg/day (milligrams per 24 hours).

Protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) measures the protein amount in a random urine sample relative to creatinine concentration in urine. Creatinine is a waste product in the body with a normally constant elimination rate.

What does the result mean?

Negative: In a healthy individual, no proteins are detected in urine. Positive: Presence of proteins indicates possible kidney damage or disease.

Why is the analysis performed?

To detect excessive protein excretion in urine, aiding in renal function evaluation and monitoring, to identify kidney damage, as part of routine urinalysis or follow-up after a previous positive urine protein determination, as well as in cases of existing kidney-related diseases or disorders.

When should this analysis be performed?

As part of routine examination, as a follow-up after a previous positive urine protein determination, when excess total protein in urine is suspected to differ from albumin, and to identify preeclampsia in women.

Is there any sample required?

A random urine sample or a 24-hour urine collection is required. Sometimes, dividing the 24-hour sample into night and day collections is necessary. Spot urine collection can also serve as a quick and reliable alternative for UPCR measurement.

Is there any special preparation needed?

No specific preparation is required for this test.

How is it used?

The protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) is used to assess the amount of proteins in urine relative to creatinine concentration. It is especially useful for early detection of kidney diseases.