Innovations in gum recession treatment

Gum recession, where the gum tissue surrounding the teeth gradually pulls away, exposing more of the tooth or its root, is a common dental condition that can lead to sensitivity, pain, and increased risk of tooth decay. While different surgical treatments for gum recession have been proposed throughout the decades, it is essential to treat the condition using the most reliable and predictable technique to achieve the intended outcomes.

What causes gum recession?

Gum recession can result from various factors, including:

• Aggressive tooth brushing: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or applying excessive force while brushing can wear down gum tissue.
• Periodontal disease: Bacterial infection in the gums can lead to tissue destruction and receding gums.
• Genetics: Some people are genetically predisposed to thinner gum tissue, which can recede over time.
• Poor dental hygiene: Plaque build-up due to inadequate brushing and flossing can cause gum disease and recession.
• Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly in women, can make gums more sensitive and vulnerable to recession.

Identifying the cause is essential, as after treatment has been carried out it is essential to prevent any relapse of gum recession.

Approaches to gum recession treatment

1. Autogenous tissue graft

• How it works: Autogenous tissue grafting involves using the patient’s own connective tissue, typically harvested from the palate, to treat gum recession. This tissue is placed under a flap created with either a coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique or a tunnelling procedure to cover exposed roots and promote gum regeneration. Both approaches ensure natural integration of the graft, enhancing aesthetic and functional outcomes.

2. Tissue-stimulating proteins

• Emdogain

3. Regenerative membranes (fibrogide, mucograft, or alloderm)

• Substitutes to the graft, including fibrogide, mucograft and alloderm. They were found to be effective options to the connective tissue graft. However, in case they get exposed during the first post operative 2 weeks they might be more exposed to developing complications such as infections. 

What are benefits of gum recession treatments?

Innovative treatments for gum recession offer several advantages:

• improved symmetry of gingival margins and tooth proportions
• Improved aesthetics: These treatments can provide immediate cosmetic benefits, particularly in visible areas of the mouth.
• Improved gum health through phenotype modification
• Reduced sensitivity

How effective are these treatments?

The two surgical techniques (tunnel or coronally advanced flap) were found to be effective in improve gum quality and achieving recession coverage.

Is gum recession preventable?

While not all cases of gum recession can be prevented, maintaining a good oral hygiene routine, avoiding overly aggressive brushing, and scheduling regular dental visits can help lower the risk. If you notice signs of recession, consulting with a dentist or periodontist for early intervention can help preserve gum health and prevent further issues.