Thyroid troubles: Early signs you shouldn't ignore

Thyroid problems can manifest through various symptoms that shouldn’t be ignored in order to maintain quality of life, good health and overall wellbeing.

A renowned consultant physician in endocrinology, provides an expert insight into thyroid disorders, highlighting the early signs of thyroid troubles and the importance of early diagnosis.

What is the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the front of the neck, just below the Adam's apple. It produces hormones, primarily thyroxine, which are essential for regulating metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. These hormones influence almost every cell in the body, affecting how quickly or slowly our body uses energy, which can impact growth and development, mood, and cognitive function.

A well-functioning thyroid gland is thus crucial for maintaining a balance in the body's metabolism. When the gland is either overactive or underactive, it can lead to various health issues that can significantly affect your quality of life.

What are the early signs of thyroid problems?

Symptoms can differ depending on whether the thyroid is overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism). Here are common early signs to look out for:

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid):

• unintentional weight loss
• racing or irregular heartbeat
• sensitivity to heat and warm temperatures
• nervousness, anxiety, irritability

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid):

• persistent fatigue and tiredness
• unexplained weight gain
• sensitivity to cold temperatures
• dry skin, and brittle or thin hair

If you experience any combination of these symptoms, it may indicate an underlying thyroid condition that requires further investigation.

When should I seek medical attention for my thyroid concerns?

You should consult with a specialist, such as a consultant physician in endocrinology:

• If you experience ongoing symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, or mood swings for more than a few weeks.
• If you have a family history of thyroid disorders, as you may be at higher risk for developing them as well.
• If you notice that existing symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, such as swelling in the neck (goitre).

Seeking medical attention promptly can lead to a quicker diagnosis and better management of thyroid conditions. Your consultant physician can perform blood tests to assess your thyroid hormone levels and determine if there is an underlying issue.

How are thyroid problems treated?

The treatment for thyroid problems largely depends on the specific disorder diagnosed and its severity. Common treatment approaches include:

Hyperthyroidism treatment

• Antithyroid medications: Medications like Propylthiouracil can help reduce hormone production by the thyroid gland.
• Radioactive iodine therapy: This treatment involves taking radioactive iodine, which damages the cells of the thyroid gland and reduces hormone production.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland may be necessary, especially in cases of large goitres or cancer.

Hypothyroidism treatment

• Hormone replacement therapy: The most common treatment is daily medication with Levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. This medication aids in restoring hormone levels and relieving symptoms.

In addition to the specific treatment plan, maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, and practising stress-reducing techniques, can also help support overall thyroid health.

How often should I get my thyroid levels checked?

The frequency of thyroid level checks depends on each person’s risk factors and existing health conditions:

• If you have thyroid disease: People diagnosed with thyroid disorders should have their hormone levels checked at least once a year or more frequently if their condition is unstable.
• If you have symptoms: If you experience symptoms suggestive of thyroid issues, ask your consultant physician about testing, regardless of previous thyroid health.
• If you have a family history: People with a family history of thyroid disease should consider screening every few years, especially if they have risk factors.

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