What is eardrum perforation?

Perforation of the eardrum is a rupture or hole produced in the membrane that separates the middle ear from the outer ear. This injury can cause infections by the entrance of bacteria to the ear, even causing hearing loss. However, in most cases a perforated ear drum will heal itself within a few weeks.

If you think you have a perforated eardrum, see your GP.

What are the symptoms of a perforated eardrum?

The symptoms of a perforated eardrum depend on the cause.

If it's traumatic, then it's likely to be pain and hearing loss.

If it's ear infection, then it will be earache and fever initially, but as the eardrum ruptures and the pus behind the eardrum comes out, the pain goes and the ear starts to discharge. 

What are the causes of eardrum perforation?

The eardrum is a thin structure that can break due to:

• Infection of the middle ear (the space behind the ear drum). This is called acute otitis media. 
• Trauma to the ear;
• Explosions - however, this is rare;
• Using objects to clean the ears, for example, cotton buds;
• Abrupt changes in pressure, such as when ascending or descending on a plane.

Can perforation of the eardrum be prevented?

Although in many cases the causes of eardrum perforation cannot be prevented, you can make sure you:

• Avoid cleaning your ear with cotton swabs or similar instruments.

How is eardrum perforation diagnosed?

A GP can diagnose a perforated eardrum by using a small torch and magnifying lens to look inside your ear. You won’t need to be referred for any further tests or scans.

How is a perforated eardrum treated?

In general, the perforation of the eardrum heals itself in weeks or months and in most cases hearing is recovered completely. During this time you’ll advised to:

• Avoid the entry of water into the ear;
• Take antibiotics if your doctor suspects an infection;
• Try not to blow your nose too hard.

Should you sleep on the side of a ruptured eardrum?

There is no need to lie on the opposite side if someone has had an ear perforation. It won't make any difference which side they lie on.

How long is the healing time for a perforated eardrum?

Perforation of the eardrum usually heals within 6 to 8 weeks. However, you could be at risk of developing an ear infection so it's advisable to visit a GP if you think your eardrum has burst. 

What's involved in surgery for a perforated eardrum?

If the eardrum hasn't healed after a period of time, you will need to undergo a type of surgery called tympanoplasty. This involves patching the eardrum with a small piece of tissue taken from behind your ear and under the skin.

Which specialist treats perforated eardrums?

ENT specialists treat perforation of the ear.