Chto takoye khronicheskoye zabolevaniye pochek (KHZP)?
Khronicheskoye zabolevaniye pochek, takzhe izvestnoye kak khronicheskaya pochechnaya nedostatochnost', zaklyuchayetsya v tom, chto pochki ne rabotayut tak zhe khorosho, kak ran'she, i teryayut svoyu funktsiyu. CKD mozhet ukhudshit'sya s techeniyem vremeni i mozhet privesti k tomu, chto pochki ne rabotayut voobshche, khotya eto redkost', poskol'ku bol'shinstvo lyudey mogut zhit', dolgo i neskol'ko otnositel'no normal'nyye zhizni.

Kakovy simptomy KHZP?
Na rannikh stadiyakh KHZP mozhet byt' neskol'ko priznakov ili simptomov, i ikh mozhno podobrat', yesli analiz krovi ili mochi vyyavit problemu s pochkami. Eto mozhet proizoyti, kogda testy provodyatsya dlya drugikh problem. CKD ne stanovitsya ochevidnym do tekh por, poka ne budet znachitel'nogo ukhudsheniya funktsii pochek. Znaki i simptomy khronicheskogo zabolevaniya pochek, kotoroye progressiruyet medlenno, mogut vklyuchat':

Chuvstvo bol'nogo, toshnotvornoye i metaniye
Ustalost' i slabost'
Raspukhshiye lodyzhki i nogi
Slozhnost' so snom
Izmeneniya v chastote mocheispuskaniya
Podergivaniye myshts i sudorog
zudyashchiy
Gipertoniya (vysokoye krovyanoye davleniye)
Kakovy prichiny khronicheskogo zabolevaniya pochek?
Bolezn' pochek vyzvana drugimi sostoyaniyami zdorov'ya, kotoryye mogut vyzvat' nagruzku na pochki. CKD mozhet byt' vyzvan:

povyshennoye krovyanoye davleniye
Diabet
Vysokiy uroven' kholesterina
Povrezhdeniye pochek (glomerulonefrit)
Polikistoznoye zabolevaniye pochek
Dolgosrochnoye ispol'zovaniye lekarstv, takikh kak litiy.
Testy na khronicheskoye zabolevaniye pochek
Testy krovi i mochi mogut iskat' vysokiye urovni opredelennykh veshchestv, kotoryye pokazyvayut priznaki togo, chto pochki ne rabotayut dolzhnym obrazom. Rezul'taty testa mogut opredelit', na kakoy stadii zabolevaniya nakhodyatsya pochki.

Lecheniye khronicheskogo zabolevaniya pochek
Ne sushchestvuyet lecheniya khronicheskogo zabolevaniya pochek, no simptomy mogut byt' oblegcheny, chtoby oni ne ukhudshalis'. Osnovnyye vidy lecheniya vklyuchayut:

Obraz zhizni menyayetsya, chtoby ostavat'sya zdorovym.
Lekarstva, chtoby pomoch' s problemami, takimi kak vysokoye krovyanoye davleniye.
Dializ v pochkakh, chtoby vosproizvesti nekotoryye funktsii pochek.
Transplantatsiyapochki
Perspektivy khronicheskogo zabolevaniya pochek
Sostoyaniye KHZP mozhet var'irovat'sya ot legkoy do ochen' ser'yeznoy, a takzhe to, chto pochka perestayet rabotat'. Eto izvestno kak pochechnaya nedostatochnost'. CKD mozhno kontrolirovat' s pomoshch'yu lekarstv i regulyarnykh proverok. Po dannym NHS, tol'ko u odnogo iz pyatidesyati chelovek zakanchivayetsya pochechnaya nedostatochnost'. Dazhe pri umerennom KHZP eto mozhet privesti k drugim ser'yeznym problemam so zdorov'yem, takim kak serdechno-sosudistyye zabolevaniya.