What is being analysed?

Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) and its toxin are being analysed. Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhoea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon, known as colitis. The toxin produced by this bacterium is a key factor in its pathogenicity.

What does the result mean?

A positive result indicates the presence of clostridioides difficile bacteria or its toxin, suggesting an active infection. A negative result generally means the absence of the bacterium or its toxin, although it does not completely rule out infection, especially if clinical symptoms persist.

Why do the analysis?

This analysis is performed to diagnose clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in individuals with symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and fever. Timely diagnosis allows for appropriate treatment and infection control measures.

When to do the analysis?

The analysis is recommended when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of CDI, particularly if they have recently been on antibiotics or have a history of healthcare exposure.

What sample is required?

A stool sample is required for the detection of clostridioides difficile and its toxin. The sample should be collected as soon as possible after symptoms develop to increase the likelihood of detecting the bacterium or its toxin.

Is any type of prior preparation necessary?

Prior preparation may vary depending on the laboratory's specific requirements. In general, patients may be asked to avoid certain medications, such as antidiarrheal drugs and laxatives, for a specified period before collecting the stool sample.

How is it used?

The analysis is used to confirm the presence of clostridioides difficile infection in symptomatic individuals. It helps guide treatment decisions, such as the initiation of appropriate antibiotics or discontinuation of unnecessary medications that may contribute to CDI.

What are the normal values?

Normal values for clostridioides difficile testing typically indicate the absence of the bacterium or its toxin in the stool sample.

What does it mean to have altered values?

Altered values, such as a positive result for clostridioides difficile or its toxin, suggest the presence of an active infection. This requires prompt medical intervention, including targeted antibiotic therapy and infection control measures to prevent transmission to others.

Table: Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) and Clostridium difficile Toxin Analysis Results

This table summarises the interpretation of test results for clostridioides difficile and its toxin analysis. A positive result indicates the presence of infection, while a negative result suggests its absence.