Acid reflux: Everything patients need to know

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common digestive disorder that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This can lead to a range of uncomfortable symptoms and, in some cases, may indicate more serious underlying conditions. In this article, renowned consultant general, laparoscopic, upper GI and bariatric surgeon Mr Ricardo Camprodon explains what acid reflux is, its potential implications, and various treatment options available.

What is acid reflux?

Acid reflux occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach, fails to close properly after food consumption. This allows stomach acid to travel back up into the oesophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of its lining. The primary symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest or throat, often accompanied by regurgitation of sour liquid or food.

Can it be a sign of something more serious?

While occasional acid reflux is common and usually harmless, frequent or severe episodes may indicate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Untreated GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis (inflammation of the oesophagus), oesophageal strictures (narrowing of the oesophagus), Barrett's oesophagus (a precancerous condition), and even oesophageal cancer in rare cases. Therefore, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent acid reflux symptoms.

How is it treated?

Treatment for acid reflux aims to alleviate symptoms, heal oesophageal damage, and prevent complications. The approach may involve lifestyle modifications, over-the-counter medications, prescription drugs, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. Here are some common treatment options:

Lifestyle modifications

Dietary changes

Avoid trigger foods and beverages that can exacerbate acid reflux, such as spicy foods, citrus fruits, caffeine, alcohol, and fatty or fried foods.

Eating habits

Practice smaller, more frequent meals and avoid lying down or bending over immediately after eating.

Weight management

Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen, leading to increased reflux. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help alleviate symptoms.

Over-the-counter medications:

• Antacids: These medications neutralize stomach acid and provide temporary relief from heartburn and acid reflux symptoms.
• H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs): H2 blockers reduce the production of stomach acid and can help alleviate symptoms over a longer duration compared to antacids.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): PPIs are potent acid reducers that can effectively heal esophageal damage and provide long-term symptom relief. They are available both over-the-counter and by prescription.
• Prescription medications:
• Prokinetics: These medications help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter and promote faster emptying of the stomach, reducing the likelihood of reflux.
• Foaming agents: These drugs coat the stomach contents, forming a protective barrier to prevent acid reflux.

Surgical interventions:

In cases where lifestyle modifications and medications fail to adequately control symptoms, surgical options such as fundoplication (wrapping the top of the stomach around the esophagus to reinforce the LES) or LINX device placement (a magnetic ring placed around the LES to prevent reflux) may be considered.

Home remedies and additional tips

• Elevate the head of your bed: Sleeping with your head raised can help prevent stomach acid from refluxing into the esophagus during sleep.
• Herbal remedies: Some herbs like ginger, chamomile, and licorice root may offer relief from acid reflux symptoms. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using herbal supplements, as they may interact with medications or exacerbate underlying conditions.

Mr Ricardo Camprodon is a renowned consultant general, laparoscopic, upper GI and Bariatric surgeon based in Birmingham and Halesowen. If you would like to book a consultation with Mr Camprodon, you can do so today via his Top Doctors profile.