Pelvic pain explained: How an obstetrician-gynaecologist can help

Pelvic pain is a common condition that can range from mild, occasional discomfort to a chronic, debilitating issue that interferes with daily life.

In this article, consultant obstetrician and gynaecological surgeon Mr Ibrahim Bolaji explores the potential causes of pelvic pain, when to seek medical advice, and how an obstetrician-gynaecologist can provide the right diagnosis and treatment options.

 

 

Understanding pelvic pain

Pelvic pain refers to discomfort felt in the lower abdomen and pelvis. It may present as a dull ache, sharp stabbing sensation, or pressure-like discomfort and can be acute (sudden and short-term) or chronic (lasting more than six months).

 

 

Common causes of pelvic pain

Pelvic pain is often associated with gynaecological conditions, but it can also be caused by problems in the urinary system, digestive tract, or musculoskeletal system.

Some of the most common gynaecological causes include:

 

Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the womb, leading to inflammation, scarring, and pain.

Symptoms often include severe period pain, pain during intercourse, and chronic pelvic discomfort.

 

Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pressure, heavy periods, and pain.

Larger fibroids may contribute to persistent pelvic discomfort.

 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, usually caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea.

It can lead to long-term pain and complications if left untreated.

 

Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. While many cysts are harmless, larger or ruptured cysts can cause significant pain.

 

Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a condition where the uterine lining grows into the muscle of the uterus, causing heavy, painful periods and chronic pelvic pain.

 

Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea)

For some, period pain is more than just mild discomfort. Severe menstrual cramps can interfere with daily activities and may signal an underlying condition.

 

 

How an obstetrician-gynaecologist can help

Seeking medical advice from a specialist is essential for managing pelvic pain effectively. A gynaecologist can provide:

 

Accurate diagnosis

A thorough assessment, including medical history, pelvic examinations, ultrasound scans, and sometimes MRI or laparoscopy, helps identify the underlying cause of pain.

 

Tailored treatment plans

Treatment options vary depending on the cause of pelvic pain and may include:

• Medication: pain relief, hormonal treatments, or antibiotics if an infection is present.
• Lifestyle and physiotherapy: diet, exercise, and pelvic floor therapy can improve symptoms.
• Surgical intervention: procedures like laparoscopic surgery, removal of cysts or fibroids, and, in severe cases, hysterectomy may be necessary.

 

 

When to seek medical help

If pelvic pain is persistent, severe, or affects your daily life, consulting a specialist is essential to prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Symptoms like irregular bleeding, pain during intercourse, or difficulty conceiving may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical attention.

 

 

Pelvic pain can be distressing, but it is important to remember that help is available. An experienced obstetrician-gynaecologist can provide an accurate diagnosis and offer personalised treatment options to improve your quality of life.

 

If you are struggling with ongoing pelvic pain, do not hesitate to consult with Mr Bolaji via his Top Doctors profile.