Heavy periods: When to worry and what treatment options are available

Heavy menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, affects many women at some point in their lives. While variations in menstrual flow are normal, excessively heavy periods may signal an underlying health issue that requires attention.

A period is generally considered heavy if you need to change your pad or tampon every one to two hours, pass large blood clots (larger than a quarter), or bleed for more than seven days. Additional symptoms, such as fatigue or shortness of breath, may indicate iron-deficiency anaemia caused by blood loss.

Heavy periods can result from various conditions, including hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, endometriosis, thyroid issues, or bleeding disorders. In some cases, they may also be a side effect of certain medications, such as blood thinners or intrauterine devices (IUDs).

If you experience unusually heavy or prolonged periods, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, blood tests, and imaging like ultrasound to determine the cause.

Treatment depends on the underlying issue and the severity of the symptoms. Common options include hormonal birth control (pills, patches, or IUDs) to regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce bleeding. Non-hormonal treatments like tranexamic acid or NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) can also decrease blood loss and relieve pain. In more severe cases, surgical options such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy may be recommended.

Heavy periods are not something you have to live with silently. Recognizing the signs and seeking timely medical advice can lead to effective treatment and a better quality of life. If your period disrupts your daily activities or causes significant discomfort, don’t hesitate to seek help.