How are fibroids treated?

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus, affecting millions of women—most commonly during their reproductive years. Though fibroids can vary greatly in size, number, and location, they are typically composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. While some women may never notice they have fibroids, others may experience symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life.

The exact cause of fibroids remains unclear, but research suggests that hormones—particularly estrogen and progesterone—play a crucial role in their growth. Genetics may also contribute; women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them. Additionally, fibroids are more prevalent among women of African descent and tend to develop earlier and grow larger in this population.

Symptoms vary depending on the size and placement of the fibroids. Common signs include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, constipation, and lower back discomfort. Some women may struggle with infertility or complications during pregnancy, though many are still able to conceive and carry healthy pregnancies.

Diagnosing fibroids often involves a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or MRI. Once identified, treatment depends on symptom severity, fibroid size, and whether the patient wishes to preserve fertility. Options range from watchful waiting for mild cases to medications that regulate hormones or reduce bleeding.

Procedural treatments include uterine fibroid embolisation, which shrinks fibroids by cutting off their blood supply, and minimally invasive surgeries such as myomectomy, which removes fibroids while preserving the uterus. In more severe cases, a hysterectomy may be recommended.

While fibroids can be challenging, many effective treatments exist. Early evaluation and personalized medical guidance are key to managing symptoms and improving overall well-being.