How is obstructive sleep apnoea treated?

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common but often underdiagnosed sleep disorder that affects breathing during sleep. It occurs when the muscles in the throat relax too much, causing the airway to partially or completely collapse. This leads to repeated pauses in breathing, reduced oxygen levels, and frequent micro-awakenings throughout the night. Many people with OSA are unaware of these disruptions, but they often wake feeling unrefreshed and experience excessive daytime sleepiness.

Common symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea include loud, chronic snoring, gasping or choking during sleep, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. Risk factors include obesity, a large neck circumference, smoking, alcohol use, nasal congestion, and certain anatomical features of the jaw or airway. If left untreated, OSA can increase the risk of serious health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and accidents related to fatigue.

The most effective and widely used treatment for moderate to severe OSA is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, or CPAP therapy. A CPAP machine delivers a steady stream of pressurised air through a mask worn over the nose, mouth, or both during sleep. This air pressure keeps the airway open, preventing collapse and allowing normal breathing throughout the night.

When used consistently, CPAP therapy can dramatically improve sleep quality and overall health. Many patients report reduced snoring, improved energy levels, better concentration, and enhanced mood within weeks of starting treatment. CPAP can also lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risks associated with sleep apnoea.

Although some people initially find CPAP uncomfortable, modern machines are quieter, smaller, and more adjustable than earlier models. With proper mask fitting, gradual adjustment, and support from sleep specialists, most patients can successfully adapt to CPAP therapy and experience lasting benefits.