Robotics in joint replacement surgery
For many people, joint replacement surgery offers the chance to restore mobility and improve quality of life. In recent years, robotic technology has become an exciting development in this field.
In this article, consultant orthopaedic surgeon Mr Jonathan Miles explains what robotic joint replacement involves, its benefits, how it is used in hip and knee surgery, and how it can also assist in revision joint replacement procedures.
What is robotic joint replacement surgery?
Robotic-assisted surgery does not mean that a robot is performing the operation on its own. The surgeon remains in full control at every stage, using robotic technology as a precise tool to help plan and perform the procedure.
Before surgery, a 3D model of the joint can be created using detailed CT imaging. This allows the surgeon to plan the operation in detail, taking into account each patient’s unique anatomy.
During the operation, the robotic system helps the surgeon prepare the bone and place the implant with millimetre accuracy.
Benefits of robotic-assisted joint replacement
Traditional techniques rely on manual instruments and the surgeon’s judgement alone, whereas robotics offers a higher level of precision. Potential benefits include:
- More accurate alignment of the joint replacement.
- Improved stability and function of the new joint. This means the possibility of a more natural-feeling joint and improved long-term outcomes
- Lower risk of early implant wear or loosening.
- Protection of surrounding soft tissues from accidental damage.
- In some cases, a quicker recovery and reduced early post-operative pain.
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Robotics in hip and knee replacement
In knee replacements, the technology allows adjustments based on the patient’s natural ligament tension and joint movement, resulting in a more personalised outcome.
In hip replacements, robotic assistance provides precise control over the placement of the implant, which can reduce the risk of dislocation and improve leg length balance.
Revision joint replacement with robotics
Revision surgery is carried out when a joint replacement has worn out, failed, or developed complications. These procedures are often more challenging due to scar tissue, changes in bone shape, or bone loss from the previous operation.
Robotics is particularly valuable in some subsets of revision surgery because the advanced imaging and planning tools give the surgeon a clearer understanding of what bone remains. The robotic guidance system then helps prepare the bone with precision, even in difficult or distorted anatomy.
Although not every revision case is currently suitable for robotics, it offers real benefits in selected patients by improving accuracy and supporting more reliable outcomes.
Are there any downsides?
Robotic-assisted joint replacement does require a CT scan which is an extra step before surgery. Not all hospitals currently have access to this technology as it requires an expensive investment. It is also important to note that robotics does not remove the usual surgical risks, such as infection or blood clots.
By combining the surgeon’s expertise with the accuracy of advanced technology, patients can benefit from more tailored procedures, improved outcomes, and greater confidence in their new joint.
Visit Mr Miles’ Top Doctors profile if you are considering robotic joint replacement surgery.