Understanding benign prostate hyperplasia

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition affecting older men, characterised by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. As men age, hormonal changes can lead to an increase in prostate tissue, which may compress the urethra and result in various urinary symptoms.

The symptoms of BPH can significantly impact a man's quality of life. Common issues include frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia), difficulty starting or stopping urination, weak urine flow, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. While BPH is not cancerous and does not increase the risk of prostate cancer, its symptoms can be bothersome and may require medical attention.

The exact cause of BPH remains unclear, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal changes associated with ageing. The balance between testosterone and oestrogen levels in the body may play a role in prostate growth. Additionally, genetic factors and lifestyle choices such as diet and physical activity may contribute to the development of BPH.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and tests such as a digital rectal exam (DRE) or urine flow studies. Once diagnosed, treatment options vary based on the severity of symptoms.

For mild cases, lifestyle modifications—such as reducing fluid intake before bedtime or avoiding caffeine—may suffice. However, more severe cases might require medication to relax the prostate muscles or shrink the gland. In some instances, surgical intervention may be necessary. Procedures like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can effectively relieve symptoms by removing excess prostate tissue.