Understanding gastroesophageal reflux: Common and less common symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, leading to various uncomfortable symptoms. While many people are familiar with the common signs of GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation, there are also less common symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life.

Heartburn is perhaps the most prevalent symptom, characterised by a burning sensation in the chest or throat, often occurring after eating or when lying down. Regurgitation is another common experience, where individuals may taste sour or bitter stomach contents in their mouth due to backflow.

Waterbrash is another common experience, where individuals may taste sour or bitter stomach contents in their mouth due to backflow. Patients can also experience passive regurgitation where food and stomach contents are brought up, sometimes when bending over or lying down in bed. Patients often report having to use multiple pillows to sleep upright at night to manage this.

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can arise as inflammation narrows the esophagus. Some patients may also experience chest pain, which can be mistaken for a heart-related issue but often stems from irritation in the esophagus. A chronic cough, particularly at night, may occur as acid irritates the throat.

In addition to these well-known symptoms, there are several less common manifestations of GERD that deserve attention. Hoarseness or a sore throat can result from acid irritating the vocal cords and surrounding tissues. Interestingly, GERD can exacerbate asthma symptoms or mimic them altogether, leading to wheezing and shortness of breath.

Dental erosion is another concern; over time, stomach acid can erode tooth enamel, resulting in increased sensitivity and cavities. Some individuals may also experience nausea or vomiting during severe reflux episodes. Lastly, a sensation of having a lump in the throat—often referred to as globus—can be distressing and is frequently associated with anxiety related to swallowing difficulties.

Recognising both common and less common symptoms of GERD is crucial for effective management and treatment. If you suspect you have GERD, consulting a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan is essential. Early intervention can help prevent complications and improve overall well-being.