Understanding gout: causes and risk factors

Gout is a type of arthritis that affects millions of people in the UK. It often causes sudden, painful gout flare-ups, usually in the joints of the big toe. While it may seem like an isolated problem, gout is linked to underlying factors that can affect overall health.

What is gout?

Gout is a condition caused by a build-up of uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a natural substance that forms when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods and drinks. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is excreted through the kidneys. However, when levels become too high, crystals can form in the joints, leading to inflammation, redness, and severe pain.

Key causes of gout

The main cause of gout is hyperuricaemia, which means having too much uric acid in the blood. This can occur if the body produces too much uric acid or if the kidneys struggle to remove it efficiently.

Diet and lifestyle factors

Certain foods and drinks are known to increase uric acid levels and contribute to gout risk:

• Red meat and organ meats such as liver.
• Seafood, including sardines and shellfish.
• Alcohol, particularly beer and spirits.
• Sugary drinks and foods high in fructose.

Being overweight, having a sedentary lifestyle, or consuming an unbalanced diet can also increase the likelihood of developing gout.

Medical conditions and medications

Some health conditions make gout more likely:

• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Kidney disease
• Heart disease

Certain medications, such as diuretics and low-dose aspirin, can also raise uric acid levels and trigger gout attacks.

Who is at risk?

Gout can affect anyone, but it is more common in:

• Men over the age of 40.
• Postmenopausal women.
• People with a family history of gout.
• Those with metabolic syndrome or other chronic conditions.

Lifestyle habits, including alcohol consumption and diet choices, can further increase the risk of gout flare-ups.

Triggers for a gout flare

Even if someone has high uric acid levels, a gout attack may only occur when triggered by factors such as sudden changes in diet or dehydration, injury or surgery, illness or infection, or rapid changes in uric acid levels due to medication. Understanding these triggers can help reduce the likelihood of painful gout flare-ups.

Gout is more than just a painful joint condition. It is closely linked to lifestyle, diet, and underlying health factors. By understanding the causes and risk factors, individuals can take steps to reduce gout flare-ups and improve overall health.

If you are experiencing symptoms of gout, consult with Dr Joel David to explore the most appropriate options for diagnosis, management, and long-term prevention.