What does skin cancer look like? A simple guide to spotting the signs

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, but many people aren't sure what to look for. Early detection can make a big difference in treatment outcomes, so recognising changes in your skin is key.

Consultant dermatologist Dr George Kravvas explains in this guide what the different types of skin cancer look like, how to check your skin, and when to see a specialist.

Understanding the main types of skin cancer

There are several types of skin cancer, each with its own appearance and behaviour. The three most common are:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

This is the most common type of skin cancer. It usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. BCC tends to appear in areas often exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, and neck.

What to look for:

A shiny, pearly bump, or a skin-coloured nodule.
A sore that doesn’t heal, or one that bleeds and scabs repeatedly.
A flat, scaly pink patch with a raised edge.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

SCC typically appears on sun-exposed areas, especially in older adults. It grows faster than BCC and can spread if not treated early.

Common signs include:

A firm, red lump or a rough, scaly patch.
A spot that crusts, bleeds, or feels sore to touch.

Melanoma

This is one of the most serious types of skin cancer and can spread if not caught early.

Melanoma may start from an existing mole but can also appear as a new, dark spot.

Look for the ABCDE rule when checking moles:

A – Asymmetry: one half of the mole doesn’t match the other.
B – Border: irregular, blurred, or jagged edges.
C – Colour: uneven colours (brown, black, red, white, or blue).
D – Diameter: larger than 5mm.
E – Evolving: any change in size, shape, colour, or sensation.

Melanoma can appear anywhere, even in areas not typically exposed to the sun, like the back, scalp, soles of the feet, or under the nails. That’s why regular, full-body skin checks are so important.

How to check your skin for changes

Monthly self-checks are a good habit, especially for those who have fair skin, spend time in the sun, or have a family history of skin cancer. Use a mirror (or ask a partner) to examine difficult areas like your back or scalp.

Tips for checking your skin:

Use a mirror or ask someone to help with hard-to-see areas like your back and scalp.
Look for any new spots, moles, or growths.
Pay attention to changes in existing moles (size, shape, or colour).
Watch for moles or spots that itch, bleed, crust over, or feel sore.
Look for any mole that stands out from the others, often called “the ugly duckling” sign.
Take photos to track any changes over time.

When to see a dermatologist

If you notice a mole or patch of skin that has changed in appearance, looks unusual, or just doesn’t seem right, don't wait.

A consultant dermatologist can examine it and, if needed, perform a quick biopsy to make a diagnosis.

Skin cancer can look different from person to person, but learning the signs and regularly checking your skin can help catch problems early.

If in doubt, trust your instincts and speak to a dermatologist. It’s always better to check than to wait. Consult with Dr Kravvas via his Top Doctors profile.