What is traction alopecia, and how can I avoid it?

In this insightful article, hair transplant surgeon Dr Eleojo Achimugu, a leading expert in hair loss treatment, shares her in-depth knowledge about traction alopecia—a condition that she frequently addresses in her clinical practice.

What is traction alopecia?

Traction alopecia is a type of hair loss that occurs when there is protracted, consistent and excessive tension on the hair shafts. This is often due to tight hairstyles. Unlike hair loss that results from genetic predisposition or underlying health conditions, traction alopecia is largely preventable as it is caused by external factors, specifically the way hair is styled. This condition is especially common among individuals who regularly wear their hair in tight ponytails, braids, cornrows, or even tight hair coverings and helmets.

Causes of traction alopecia

The leading cause of traction alopecia is the continuous strain placed on the hair follicles over an extended period. This strain can weaken hair roots, damage the follicles, and eventually lead to hair thinning or even permanent hair loss if corrective measures are not taken in time.

Dr Eleojo notes that while anyone can develop traction alopecia, individuals or groups with certain repeated hair practices may be more susceptible. In addition, the pattern of hair loss depends on the area under tension.

For example, scalp traction alopecia may be more common in Ballerinas or Sikh men who twist their hair tightly and repeatedly. Traction alopecia in the beard area can be caused by regularly or tightly twisting beard hair. Loss of edges (hair in the temples) and hairline is common with the use of tight braids and weaves or the use of heavy hair extensions. Hair that has been chemically straightened or relaxed may be more susceptible to breakage as well as the effects of traction.

Symptoms to watch for

According to Dr Eleojo, early detection of traction alopecia is crucial for preventing irreversible damage. Key symptoms include pain when styling or braiding your hair, broken hairs, scalp redness, and the appearance of small bumps (pustules) in areas where the hair is under the most strain.

Hair thinning, particularly around the temples and edges, is also a common early sign. If these symptoms are not addressed promptly, traction alopecia can progress to more severe and permanent hair loss, including noticeable bald patches.

Preventing and treating traction alopecia

Dr Eleojo Achimugu advises that the most effective way to prevent traction alopecia is by opting for looser hairstyles and regularly alternating between different hair styles to avoid prolonged tension on the hair. Allowing the hair time to recover between styles is also essential. In cases where traction alopecia is detected early, simply changing to less damaging hairstyles and early treatment can often reverse the condition.

For more advanced cases, Dr Eleojo may recommend targeted medical treatments such as mesotherapy and topical minoxidil. In severe situations, hair transplant surgery can work very well. With her extensive experience in treating hair loss, Dr Eleojo is adept at developing personalised treatment plans that address the unique needs of each patient, ensuring the best possible outcomes.