What to know about vaginal prolapse

Vaginal prolapse, also known as pelvic organ prolapse, occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs—such as the bladder, uterus, or rectum—become weakened or stretched. This can cause one or more of these organs to drop or press into the vagina, leading to discomfort and other symptoms.

This condition is most commonly seen in women who have given birth vaginally, especially after multiple deliveries. Other risk factors include aging, menopause (due to decreased estrogen levels), chronic coughing, obesity, heavy lifting, or previous pelvic surgeries.

Symptoms of vaginal prolapse can vary depending on the severity and the specific organs involved. Common signs include a feeling of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area, a visible bulge or tissue protruding from the vaginal opening, urinary incontinence or difficulty urinating, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Some women may also experience backache or a sensation of something “falling out.”

Diagnosis is typically made through a pelvic examination by a healthcare provider. In some cases, additional imaging tests may be needed. Treatment options depend on the severity of the prolapse and the woman’s overall health and lifestyle. Mild cases may be managed with pelvic floor exercises (such as Kegels), lifestyle changes, or the use of a pessary—a device inserted into the vagina to support the organs. More severe cases may require surgical intervention to repair the weakened tissues and restore pelvic support.

While vaginal prolapse can significantly affect quality of life, it is a manageable condition. Women experiencing symptoms should seek medical advice promptly. Early treatment can improve outcomes and help prevent further complications. Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, and practicing pelvic floor exercises regularly can also help reduce the risk of prolapse or its recurrence.