What is analysed?
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a protein produced by the liver that plays an important role in the protection of the lungs from damage caused by enzymes.
The AAT test measures AAT levels in the blood.
What does the result mean?
The result indicates the concentration of AAT in the blood.
Why conduct the analysis?
The AAT test is conducted to help diagnose AAT deficiency, a genetic condition that increases the risk of lung and liver diseases such as emphysema and liver cirrhosis.
When to conduct the analysis?
The AAT test is conducted when there is a suspicion of AAT deficiency, especially in patients with a family history of the condition. The analysis is also conducted when symptoms of lung or liver disease are observed.
What sample is required?
A blood sample is used for the analysis of AAT levels. The blood is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm.
Is any prior preparation necessary?
Patients should fast for 8-12 hours before the blood sample is taken. In addition, patients should also inform a healthcare professional about any medications being taken, as certain medications can affect results.
How is it performed?
The collected blood sample is sent to a laboratory, where it is analysed using techniques like immunoelectrophoresis or nephelometry to quantify AAT levels in the blood.
What are the normal values?
| Age group | Normal AAT levels (mg/dL) |
|---|---|
| Children | 80 - 220 |
| Adults | 100 - 180 |
What does having altered values mean?
- Elevated levels: Raised AAT levels indicate inflammation or an underlying health condition.
- Low levels: Low AAT levels indicate AAT deficiency, increasing the risk of lung and liver diseases.