Lipoedema

What is lipoedema?

Lipoedema is a condition that causes an abnormal accumulation of fat in specific areas of the body, particularly in the legs, hips, and sometimes the arms. The affected areas may feel painful, heavy, or tender to the touch, making movement and daily activities more difficult. In severe cases, lipoedema can lead to physical discomfort and emotional distress due to its impact on body image and mobility.

What are the main signs of lipoedema?

The main signs of lipoedema involve the development of abnormal fat deposits, which affect both sides of the body equally. People with lipoedema often notice a disproportionate increase in fat in the thighs, hips, and legs, creating a "column-like" appearance to the limbs.

In addition to the visible changes in fat distribution, lipoedema can cause several other symptoms, including:

• Pain and tenderness: The affected area may be painful or sensitive to touch, and the fat may feel soft, uneven, or lumpy.
• Easy bruising: The skin over the fat deposits may bruise easily, even with minimal pressure, which can lead to noticeable bruising.
• Heaviness and swelling: The affected areas may feel heavy, swollen and uncomfortable, especially after standing or walking for long periods.
• Skin changes: As the condition progresses, the skin over the affected areas may develop an “orange peel” texture or become thicker due to the fat build-up.
• Lymphatic involvement: In severe cases, lipoedema may affect the lymphatic system, leading to fluid retention and swelling, which can result in a condition known as lymphoedema.

Lipoedema can worsen over time, leading to further enlargement of the fat deposits and increased discomfort.

What causes lipoedema?

The exact cause of lipoedema remains unclear, but several factors can contribute to its development:

• Hormonal changes: Lipoedema commonly begins or worsens during times of significant hormonal changes, such as puberty, pregnancy, or the menopause.
• Genetics: Evidence suggests that lipoedema runs in families, indicating a genetic predisposition. Women with a family history of lipoedema may be more likely to develop the condition.
• Lifestyle factors: While lifestyle factors like diet and exercise don’t directly cause lipoedema, they can influence the severity of symptoms. However, it’s important to understand that lipoedema isn’t caused by being overweight or having obesity.
• Blood circulation and lymphatic system: Disruptions in blood circulation and lymphatic drainage may play a role in the development of lipoedema. Poor circulation and fluid build-up can exacerbate swelling and discomfort in the affected areas.

How is lipoedema treated?

There is currently no cure for lipoedema, but several treatment options can help manage the symptoms and prevent the condition from worsening, including:

Compression therapy

Compression garments, such as stockings or leggings, can help reduce swelling, improve circulation, and relieve discomfort caused by lipoedema. These garments help to support the lymphatic system and reduce fluid build-up in the affected areas.

Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)

MLD is a type of massage that helps stimulate the lymphatic system, encouraging the movement of fluid and reducing swelling. This therapy is often used in conjunction with compression therapy for optimal results.

Liposuction

In more severe cases of lipoedema, liposuction may be recommended to remove the abnormal fat deposits, helping to improve the appearance of the affected areas and alleviate discomfort.

How effective is liposuction for treating lipoedema?

Liposuction has been shown to be an effective treatment for removing the abnormal fat deposits associated with lipoedema. Unlike traditional liposuction, liposuction for lipoedema focuses on removing the fat from specific areas, such as the thighs, hips, or arms.

Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of liposuction for lipoedema, particularly when other treatments haven’t provided long-lasting relief. The procedure can help improve both the appearance and function of the affected areas, reduce pain and swelling, and enhance the patient’s quality of life.

However, it’s important to note that liposuction doesn’t cure lipoedema. The condition can still progress over time, and ongoing maintenance through lifestyle changes, compression therapy, or additional treatments may be necessary.