Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

What is Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?

Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, is a medication taken by individuals who are at significant risk of HIV infection. It works by inhibiting the replication of the virus in the body if it is encountered. PrEP is a vital component of modern HIV prevention.

How is PrEP administered?

PrEP is typically administered in the form of a once-daily oral tablet. The medication should be taken consistently to provide maximum protection. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage instructions precisely. PrEP should be used in conjunction with other safe sex practices, such as condom use, to enhance its effectiveness.

What does PrEP contain?

The primary medication for PrEP in the UK is called Truvada. Truvada contains two active components: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine. These antiretroviral drugs work together to prevent HIV from establishing itself within the body. The combination of these two drugs has been proven effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection when used consistently.

What are the side effects associated with PrEP?

Like most medications, PrEP may have side effects, but they are generally mild and temporary. Common side effects may include:

Nausea Headache Upset stomach Tiredness

These side effects tend to subside as the body adjusts to the medication, and not everyone will experience them. It is essential to discuss any concerns with your doctor, who can provide guidance on managing side effects.

Is PrEP effective?

PrEP has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the risk of HIV transmission when used correctly. Studies have demonstrated that PrEP can reduce the risk of HIV infection by over 90 per cent when taken consistently as prescribed. It is a crucial tool in the fight against HIV, particularly for individuals with a high risk of exposure.

Who should take PrEP?

PrEP is recommended for individuals who face a substantial risk of HIV infection, and several factors determine whether it may be suitable for you. Some groups that may benefit from PrEP include:

Men who have sex with men: Due to the higher prevalence of HIV in this demographic, PrEP is often recommended for gay and bisexual men who have multiple sexual partners. HIV-discordant couples: When one partner is HIV-positive and the other is not, PrEP can be a crucial preventive measure. People who engage in unprotected sex: Those who have multiple sexual partners or who engage in sex without a condom are at a higher risk of HIV and may consider PrEP. Injection drug users: Sharing needles can increase the risk of HIV transmission, making PrEP a relevant option for individuals who use intravenous drugs. Sex workers: Those involved in sex work, where there is an increased risk of HIV exposure, may also benefit from PrEP.

Ultimately, the decision to take PrEP should be made in consultation with your doctor, who can evaluate your specific circumstances and risk factors to determine if PrEP is the right choice for you. It's important to have an open and honest discussion with a medical professional to ensure that PrEP aligns with your individual health needs and goals.