A synopsis of coeliac disease

Statistics demonstrate that 1 in 100 people in the UK suffer from coeliac disease, although only 36% of people suffering from the condition are clinically diagnosed. Here to explain more about the condition is esteemed consultant gastroenterologist Dr Derek Chan, who provides a synopsis of the principal symptoms, treatments and foods to avoid if suffering from the disease.

What is coeliac disease?

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. In susceptible individuals, the immune system attacks the small intestine, causing inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining.

What are the principal symptoms of Coeliac disease?

Symptoms of Coeliac disease can vary from person to person and may range from mild to severe. Some common symptoms include:

Digestive symptoms

• Abdominal pain.
• Bloating.
• Diarrhoea.
• Constipation.
• Gas.
• Nausea and vomiting.

Non-digestive symptoms

• Anaemia
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Bone pain or weakness
• Skin rash
• Headaches
• Mood swings
• Joint pain

What causes coeliac disease?

Coeliac disease is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of coeliac disease are more likely to develop the condition. In individuals with a genetic predisposition, gluten consumption triggers inflammation in the small intestine, leading to damage to the intestinal lining and impaired nutrient absorption. Exposure to gluten is the main environmental trigger.

How is coeliac disease diagnosed?

There is no single test to diagnose coeliac disease. Doctors typically diagnose coeliac disease based on a combination of medical history, blood tests, and endoscopy.

Blood tests: These tests can detect antibodies that are produced by the immune system in response to gluten.

Endoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube with a camera down the throat to examine the lining of the small intestine.

Are there any treatments for coeliac disease?

The only treatment for coeliac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods that contain wheat, barley, and rye. Some oats may also contain gluten, so it is important to choose oats that are certified gluten-free.

A gluten-free diet can help heal the lining of the small intestine and prevent further damage. Most people with coeliac disease experience significant improvement in their symptoms within a few weeks to months of starting a gluten-free diet.

What foods should I avoid if I have coeliac disease?

Here are some foods that people with coeliac disease should avoid:

• Wheat-based foods: Bread, pasta, cereal, cookies, cakes, crackers, and pizza.
• Barley-based foods: Beer, malt, and some cereals.
• Rye-based foods: Rye bread, rye flour, and some crackers.

It is crucial to read food labels carefully to avoid hidden sources of gluten. Some foods that may contain gluten include:

• Soy sauce.
• Salad dressings.
• Processed meats.
• Imitation meats.
• Beer and malt beverages.
• Oat products that are not certified gluten-free.

Living with coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is a lifelong condition, but it can be managed effectively with a strict gluten-free diet. People with Coeliac disease should work closely with a healthcare team, including a gastroenterologist and dietician to develop a personalised treatment plan and monitor their progress.

With proper management, most people with coeliac disease can live a normal, healthy life. They can enjoy a variety of foods, participate in physical activities, and pursue their goals.

Tips for managing coeliac disease

Living with coeliac disease can be inconvenient, but there are steps you can take to effectively manage the disease. It is recommended that you:

• Read food labels carefully.
• Ask about gluten-free options when eating out.
• Join a coeliac disease support group.
• Talk to your doctor about any concerns you have.
   

Coeliac disease can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right information and support, you can live a healthy, fulfilling life.

If you would like to book a consultation with Dr Chan, simply visit his Top Doctors profile today.