Heart failure: Signs, risks, prevention, and management

Heart failure poses a grave medical concern, impacting millions of individuals globally. Recognising its common signs and taking proactive steps to prevent it are crucial for maintaining heart health and overall well-being. In his latest online article, Dr Rajesh Chelliah gives us his insights.

Recognising the signs

The commonest signs for heart failure often manifest as symptoms of tiredness, weakness, and shortness of breath. If you experience new onset tiredness, particularly accompanied by feelings of weakness or shortness of breath, it's essential to take notice. Additionally, swelling of the ankles or abdominal swelling can also indicate potential heart issues. If you observe these symptoms, it's imperative to alert your doctor promptly for further evaluation and guidance.

Associated risk factors

Understanding the risk factors associated with heart failure is pivotal for prevention and early intervention. These risk factors often overlap with those of ischemic heart disease, including diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, and obesity. Moreover, excessive alcohol consumption is also linked to an increased risk of heart failure. Adopting a healthy, active lifestyle can significantly mitigate these risk factors, thereby lowering the likelihood of developing heart failure.

Preventive measures

Maintaining an active lifestyle is paramount in preventing heart failure. Engaging in regular cardiovascular exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, for at least 30 to 40 minutes, three times a week, is highly recommended. Additionally, adhering to a heart-healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, characterised by low salt intake and abundant fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can further promote heart health. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and refraining from smoking are equally crucial steps in preventing heart failure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and blood sugar levels is essential for individuals with hypertension or diabetes, as controlling these conditions can significantly reduce the risk of heart failure.

Treatment and management

While some forms of heart failure, such as those related to alcohol consumption, may be curable, most cases are not. In such instances, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving heart function through medication and specialised cardiac implantable devices, such as pacemakers or defibrillators. It's important to note that once heart failure develops, it typically persists for life, necessitating lifelong adherence to prescribed medication. Compliance with medication is paramount, as it plays a pivotal role in reducing symptoms and improving heart function. Ceasing medication without medical guidance can exacerbate symptoms and lead to a decline in heart function.

Dr Rajesh Chelliah is an esteemed consultant cardiologist. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Chelliah on his Top Doctors profile.