All about AC joint surgery

AC (acromioclavicular) joint surgery is a procedure performed to treat severe injuries or degenerative conditions affecting the joint where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the highest point of the shoulder blade (acromion). Common reasons for undergoing this surgery include AC joint dislocation, arthritis, or chronic pain that has not responded to non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or medication.

The most frequent cause of AC joint injury is trauma, such as a fall directly onto the shoulder, often seen in athletes or after accidents. In less severe cases, conservative treatment is effective, but surgery becomes necessary when the ligaments are completely torn or the joint becomes unstable.

There are several surgical approaches, including open surgery and minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques. During the procedure, the surgeon may reconstruct torn ligaments using sutures or grafts, or in cases of arthritis, remove the end of the clavicle to prevent painful bone-on-bone contact—a procedure called distal clavicle excision.

Recovery from AC joint surgery typically involves immobilizing the shoulder with a sling for a few weeks, followed by a structured physical therapy program. Most patients regain full range of motion and strength within three to six months, though timelines vary based on the severity of the injury and the type of surgery performed.

Success rates for AC joint surgery are high, particularly when patients adhere to post-operative care and rehabilitation. As with any surgery, risks include infection, stiffness, and incomplete healing, but these complications are relatively rare.

If you suffer from ongoing shoulder pain or instability due to an AC joint injury, a consultation with an orthopedic specialist can determine if surgical intervention is the right path toward recovery.