All about atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a genetic disease that affects the skin. Emotional stress, allergies to pollen, colds, dry skin or contact with certain materials are factors that can cause the appearance of eczema which affects the quality of life of children as it causes itchy skin. It occurs most frequently in young children, from two months old though it can occur in older children and sometimes adults. If it is something you are worried aboit you should see a dermatologist.

What causes atopic dermatitis?

There are multiple causes of atopic dermatitis. One of the major causes is food factors. These are becoming increasingly well-known, and it is therefore increasingly advisable to introduce foods exclusively to infants after breastfeeding stops, during the first 6 months, to avoid food sensitisation. Food exclusivity means that if there is a reaction, it is obvious to which food the reaction happens. Environmental factors are another cause, as are diseases or immunological disorders.

Is eczema the only skin symptom of atopic dermatitis?

Eczema is the predominant symptom of atopic dermatitis. This form of eczema is very characteristic. In young children, pruritus (severe itching) starts in the folds of the limbs and affects the patient’s quality of life. In some cases, eczema can become infected and cause quite severe complications. Also, in some cases, dermatitis can affect the whole skin and also cause episodes of extreme itchiness discomfort for the sufferer. For many years atopic dermatitis was called “skin asthma" because it was known that after the skin symptoms appeared, respiratory problems could start; it is quite common that children with atopic dermatitis, may develop bronchial asthma later on.

What treatment is advised for patients suffering from atopic dermatitis?

The first and most fundamental dermatitis treatment is hydration. With atopic dermatitis, it is usually a lack of hydration in the epidermis that causes the itching, which is the most annoying symptom for patients. The most common treatments are eczema creams and drugs which increase hydration to control the itching. The cause of the atopic dermatitis is also investigated and if a food is identified, it is eliminated from the patient’s diet.