An overview of hypothyroidism

An underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism or low thyroid function, occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone. This can cause symptoms such as tiredness, weight gain, low mood, hair loss, dry skin, and increased sensitivity to cold. As a thyroid specialist in London, Dr U. Srirangalingam regularly treats people experiencing these symptoms and helps them restore their energy and overall wellbeing. The good news is that hypothyroidism is common, straightforward to diagnose, and highly treatable with modern thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

There are several reasons why the thyroid gland may become underactive, and identifying the underlying cause helps guide the most appropriate treatment plan. The most common cause in the UK is autoimmune thyroid disease, also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, in which the immune system gradually damages the thyroid. Hypothyroidism can also develop following previous thyroid treatments such as radioactive iodine therapy, thyroid surgery, or the use of certain medications.

An imbalance in iodine intake, whether too much or too little, may interfere with thyroid hormone production. Inflammation of the thyroid, known as thyroiditis, can sometimes cause a temporary overactive phase followed by long-term underactivity.

Hormonal changes related to pregnancy and the postpartum period can also affect thyroid function, which is why thyroid testing during and after pregnancy is often recommended. Accurate diagnosis is essential for successful management.

At The London Lauriston Clinic, Dr U. Srirangalingam carries out a comprehensive assessment for individuals with suspected low thyroid function or thyroid imbalance. This includes a detailed medical history and physical examination, with careful review of symptoms such as fatigue, dry skin, weight changes, and low mood. Blood tests are used to measure thyroid hormones, including T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), while thyroid antibody testing helps identify autoimmune thyroiditis.

When appropriate, an ultrasound scan may be performed to assess the size, structure, and presence of nodules within the thyroid gland. Early and precise diagnosis allows for a tailored and effective thyroid hormone replacement plan.

The aim of treatment is to restore normal thyroid hormone levels and relieve symptoms. The standard and most commonly used therapy is levothyroxine, a synthetic form of the T4 hormone, which safely and effectively replaces the hormone the thyroid is no longer producing in sufficient amounts.

In some cases, liothyronine (T3) may be considered either alone or in combination with levothyroxine, following careful clinical assessment and with ongoing monitoring, as individual responses and metabolism vary. Regular blood tests are essential to ensure hormone levels remain within the optimal range and that treatment doses stay appropriate.

At The London Lauriston Clinic, care is highly personalised. Dr U. Srirangalingam, a leading endocrinologist in London, works as part of a multidisciplinary thyroid team that includes endocrinologists, radiologists, and other specialists. This collaborative, evidence-based approach ensures patient-centred care, with a strong emphasis on shared decision-making. All treatment options are clearly explained so that patients feel informed, supported, and confident throughout their thyroid management journey.

You should seek medical advice if you experience ongoing tiredness, low energy, unexplained weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, feeling cold, low mood, brain fog, poor concentration, swelling in the neck, or if you have a family history of thyroid disease. Assessment is also important if symptoms of thyroid dysfunction arise during or after pregnancy.

Early review by an experienced thyroid endocrinologist in London can significantly improve energy levels, metabolism, and quality of life. At The London Lauriston Clinic, Dr U. Srirangalingam provides expert care for all thyroid conditions, including underactive thyroid, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid hormone imbalance, and thyroid disorders related to pregnancy.