Female-pattern hair loss explored

Female-pattern hair loss, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is a common condition affecting millions of women worldwide. It is characterized by progressive hair thinning, primarily on the top and crown of the scalp, often beginning as a widening of the hair part. While it can affect women of all ages, it becomes more prevalent after menopause, impacting both appearance and self-esteem.

Causes and symptoms

The exact cause of FPHL is multifactorial, with genetics playing a significant role. Hormonal changes, particularly involving androgens, are believed to influence hair follicles, causing them to shrink and produce finer, shorter hairs.

Other contributing factors may include underlying medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or nutritional deficiencies. Chronic stress and ageing also exacerbate hair loss in many cases.

FPHL typically progresses in a diffuse pattern, unlike male-pattern baldness. Women often notice a gradual reduction in hair density, with the central parting becoming more visible. However, the hairline at the forehead generally remains intact. Unlike hair shedding disorders, FPHL rarely causes complete baldness.

Diagnosis and treatment options

A dermatologist diagnoses FPHL by evaluating medical history, examining the scalp, and sometimes performing tests such as a scalp biopsy or blood work to rule out other conditions. Early intervention is crucial to slow the progression of hair loss. Treatment options include topical hair growth tonics to stimulate hair growth that might contain finasteride, melatonin and minoxidil.

Oral medications such as spironolactone, oral minoxidil or finasteride, may also be prescribed to help promote hair growth and thickening. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a newer option, involves injecting the patient’s own platelets into the scalp to encourage hair growth. Other scalp injection based therapies such as dutasteride mesotherapy and polynucleotides are increasingly being used. For advanced cases, hair transplant surgery may be considered.

Lifestyle and support

Women experiencing FPHL can benefit from a holistic approach, including stress management, a nutrient-rich diet, and gentle hair care practices to minimise breakage. Emotional support, whether from friends, family, or support groups, is equally vital. Though FPHL can be distressing, effective treatments and support systems can help women regain confidence and maintain healthy hair.