How to best avoid skin cancer

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is rising. While many cases are treatable when detected early, awareness is essential—especially regarding melanoma, one of the most serious forms.

Melanoma arises from pigment-producing cells called melanocytes and often begins as a changing mole. Warning signs include moles that grow, change shape or color, itch, bleed, or look different from others (the "ugly duckling" sign). Early detection is critical, as melanoma can spread quickly if left untreated.

Ageing skin is more vulnerable to cancer due to cumulative sun exposure over time. Years of ultraviolet (UV) damage can cause mutations in skin cells, leading to both non-melanoma skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) and melanoma. Older adults should pay close attention to new or changing lesions, as well as persistent sores that do not heal.

Sun exposure remains the leading cause of skin cancer. UV radiation from the sun—and tanning beds—damages DNA in skin cells. This risk accumulates with time, but even short periods of intense sun exposure can be harmful, especially during childhood. Fair-skinned individuals are particularly vulnerable, but anyone can be affected.

To reduce your risk, wear broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily, even on cloudy days, reapply every two hours when outdoors, avoid sun exposure during peak hours (10 a.m.–4 p.m.), wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses, never use tanning beds, and perform regular skin checks and have suspicious moles assessed by a dermatologist. Early recognition and professional evaluation save lives. If you notice any changes in your skin or moles, seek medical advice promptly. Skin cancer is preventable and, when caught early, highly treatable.