An overview of intravitreal injections for retinal conditions

Intravitreal injections are a widely used and highly effective treatment for several retinal conditions that can threaten vision. These include age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema.

The purpose of the injection is to deliver medication directly into the vitreous, the gel-like substance inside the eye, allowing for targeted treatment while minimising effects on the rest of the body. Because the medication reaches the retina in high concentration, it can effectively reduce swelling, prevent abnormal blood vessel growth, and help stabilise or improve vision.

The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient clinic and usually takes only a few minutes. Before the injection, anesthetic eye drops are applied to numb the surface of the eye and ensure comfort. The area around the eye is carefully cleaned with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection. A small instrument may be used to gently keep the eyelids open.

Using a very fine needle, the ophthalmologist injects the medication into the white part of the eye, known as the sclera. Most patients report feeling slight pressure rather than pain. Afterward, the doctor may briefly check the eye pressure and examine the optic nerve.

Following the injection, mild redness, irritation, tearing, or the sensation of something in the eye is common and usually resolves within a day or two. Patients should avoid rubbing or pressing on the eye and should wash their hands before touching the area around it. It is advisable to not do any swimming or gardening for two weeks and avoid showering for 48 hours after the injection to reduce the risk of infection or irritation. Any severe pain, increasing redness, light sensitivity, or sudden decrease in vision should be reported to a doctor immediately, as these may indicate complications.