Causes, prevention and support of miscarriage

Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy that occurs before 23 weeks, with the majority happening in the first trimester. This can be a distressing experience, but understanding the causes, ways to reduce risk, and the support available can help those affected.

Woman who has had a miscarriage

What causes miscarriage?

The exact cause of a miscarriage is not always clear, but several factors can influence it. One of the most common causes is chromosomal abnormalities, as genetic issues can prevent normal foetal development, which is the process of an unborn baby growing from conception to birth. Hormonal imbalances, such as those associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can also affect pregnancy. Additionally, issues with the uterus or cervix, including fibroids, a weak cervix, or an irregularly shaped uterus, may increase the risk of miscarriage.

In addition, infections such as listeria, rubella, or untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can significantly contribute to the risk of miscarriage. Chronic health conditions, including diabetes, thyroid disorders, and autoimmune diseases, may also affect pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and high caffeine intake, can increase this risk. Maternal age is another important factor as the likelihood of miscarriage increases for women over the age of 35.

Can miscarriage be prevented?

While not all miscarriages can be prevented, there are several steps that may help reduce the risk:

Maintain a healthy lifestyle - Eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly can help support a healthy pregnancy. It’s also important to avoid smoking, alcohol, and recreational drugs to minimise complications.
Manage existing health conditions - Keeping conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders under control can help lower the risk of miscarriage.
Take folic acid supplements - Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily before and during early pregnancy supports foetal development.
Attend antenatal appointments - Regular check-ups can help detect and manage potential complications early on.
Reduce stress - High levels of stress may contribute to pregnancy complications. Seeking emotional support and practicing relaxation techniques, such as meditation, reading, or taking a walk in the park, can be beneficial.

What support is available after a miscarriage?

Experiencing a miscarriage can be both emotionally and physically challenging. It is important to know that there are many support options include:

Medical support - GPs and specialists can offer advice and guidance on physical recovery and future pregnancies. So, make sure you reach out to your GP if you have any concerns.
Counselling services - Talking to a professional can help process grief and loss.
Support groups - Organisations like the Miscarriage Association and Tommy’s provides various resources and community support to assist you during this process.
Emotional support from family and friends - While it may feel overwhelming talking to loved ones, discussing your experience with miscarriage can help in coping with your loss – only if you are comfortable doing so.