What is atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder characterised by irregular and often rapid beating of the atria, the heart's upper chambers. This condition disrupts the normal coordination of the heart's electrical system, causing symptoms like palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness, and sometimes chest discomfort. While some individuals with AF may be asymptomatic, the condition can increase the risk of serious complications, including stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular issues.

The primary cause of AF can vary, but it is often associated with underlying conditions such as high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, sleep apnoea, or excessive alcohol consumption. Other contributing factors include ageing, thyroid disorders, and a family history of atrial fibrillation.

Diagnosis of AF typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) to confirm the presence of an irregular heartbeat. In some cases, additional tests like echocardiograms, Holter monitoring, or stress tests may be necessary to evaluate the heart's structure and function and identify potential triggers.

Treatment for atrial fibrillation aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and restore a normal heart rhythm. Common approaches include lifestyle modifications, such as weight management, dietary adjustments, and reducing alcohol intake.

Medications, including blood thinners, beta-blockers, or antiarrhythmic drugs, are often prescribed to control heart rate and reduce stroke risk. For more persistent cases, medical procedures like electrical cardioversion, catheter ablation, or the implantation of a pacemaker may be recommended.

Living with AF requires a collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers to monitor and manage the condition effectively. Regular check-ups, adherence to prescribed treatments, and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle can significantly improve quality of life and reduce the risk of complications, allowing individuals with AF to maintain active and fulfilling lives.