All about floaters

Floaters are small shapes that drift across your field of vision, often appearing as spots, threads, or cobweb-like shadows. They are most noticeable when looking at a bright, uniform background such as a clear sky or a white wall. While they may seem to be in front of your eye, floaters actually originate inside the eye itself, specifically in the vitreous humour—the gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina.

As people age, the vitreous gradually becomes more liquid and can shrink or clump together. When this happens, tiny fibres within the vitreous cast shadows on the retina, which are perceived as floaters. This process is a normal part of aging and is especially common in individuals over the age of 50. However, floaters can also occur in younger people, particularly those who are nearsighted or who have experienced eye injuries or inflammation.

In most cases, floaters are harmless and do not require treatment. The brain often adapts to their presence over time, making them less noticeable. However, a sudden increase in floaters, especially when accompanied by flashes of light or a loss of peripheral vision, may indicate a more serious condition such as a retinal tear or detachment. These situations require immediate medical attention to prevent potential vision loss.

There are treatment options available for severe cases, including vitrectomy surgery, but this is typically reserved for situations where floaters significantly interfere with vision. For most people, reassurance and regular eye exams are sufficient. Understanding floaters and recognising warning signs can help maintain eye health and ensure timely care when necessary.