When post-surgical pain becomes chronic
Pain after an operation is expected, but for some people it doesn’t settle as healing progresses. When pain lasts longer than three months, it may be a sign of chronic post-surgical pain. In this article, leading pain medicine specialist Dr Mohammed Qureshi discusses why this occurs, what symptoms to look for and how pain medicine gives patients a clearer path towards recovery.
What is chronic post-surgical pain?
Chronic post-surgical pain is discomfort that continues long after the tissues have healed. It may remain in the area of surgery or spread to nearby regions. Some people experience a persistent ache, while others develop sharp or shooting sensations linked to nerve irritation. This type of pain can affect mobility, sleep and confidence, making daily activities more challenging.
It's more common after certain procedures, including joint replacements, breast surgery, hernia repair and operations involving major nerves. However, anyone can be affected, even after routine operations.
What symptoms should I look out for?
Pain that lingers beyond the normal healing period can vary widely. Some patients describe burning or tingling, while others notice stiffness or hypersensitivity around the scar. Pain may worsen during activity or appear unpredictable. If the discomfort affects your ability to move, work or participate in normal routines, it’s sensible to seek specialist input.
What increases the likelihood of chronic pain?
There are several factors that may affect the risk of long-lasting pain. These may include:
- Severe acute pain immediately after surgery
- Nerve involvement during the operation
- Previous chronic pain conditions
- Limited movement during recovery
- Psychological factors such as anxiety or worry around the operation
These don’t guarantee ongoing pain, but recognising them helps guide early intervention.
How can pain medicine specialists help?
A consultant in pain medicine focuses on diagnosing the source of persistent pain and creating a personalised treatment plan. This begins with a detailed assessment, reviewing the type of surgery, the nature of the pain and any changes since the procedure. The aim is to identify whether nerves, joints, muscles or scar tissue are contributing.
Treatment often combines several approaches. Medicines may be used to calm irritated nerves or reduce inflammation. Targeted injections can relieve pain in specific areas, such as around nerves or joints. Some patients benefit from nerve blocks or radiofrequency treatments, which reduce pain signals for longer periods. Pain specialists may also recommend physiotherapy techniques to restore movement and prevent muscle weakness.
What lifestyle strategies support recovery?
Staying active, within comfortable limits, helps prevent stiffness and improves circulation. Gentle exercise, such as walking or tailored physiotherapy routines, can gradually restore strength. Relaxation techniques and pacing strategies can also reduce the impact of chronic pain, helping patients regain control of their daily activities.
When should I seek help?
If your pain isn’t improving three months after surgery, or if it’s worsening, an assessment with a pain specialist is worthwhile. Early intervention prevents symptoms from becoming more complex and offers a clearer understanding of what is causing the discomfort.
Chronic post-surgical pain can feel discouraging, but it’s manageable. With expert guidance, tailored treatments and supportive strategies, many patients experience significant improvement and a return to normal routines.
