Memory disorder

What is memory loss?

Memory loss, also known as amnesia, is unusual forgetting. It's a common disorder as people get older. With memory loss, the person cannot remember recent events of the past.

Memory loss can occur for a short period of time and then resolve. This is known as transient memory loss. However, depending on the cause, memory loss may not improve and actually get worse over time. Memory loss can be due to a variety of causes. The most common is Alzheimer’s dementia.

What symptoms does memory loss present?

The symptoms of memory loss that should be noted are:

• Difficulty carrying out daily activities
• Difficulty paying attention
• Mental confusion
• Depression
• Headaches
• Vision problems
• Difficulty understanding language
• Slow movements

Causes of memory loss

A considerable memory deficit can be due to other diseases such as Alzheimer's or senile dementia. Likewise, it can also be a consequence of other disorders, such as depression.

Memory loss can be caused by many factors. It can result from an injury to the brain, which is caused by or is present after:

• Brain tumours
• Oncological treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy
• Serious brain infections
• Hydrocephalus
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke
• Concussion or head injury

At other times, memory loss may be related to mental health problems such as depression, bipolar disorder or after a traumatic or stressful experience.

Other causes of memory loss can be:

• Epilepsy
• Consumption of alcohol or other drugs
• Low levels of nutrients or vitamin B1 or B12
• Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis or Huntington's disease

How is memory loss treated?

It is important to establish an accurate diagnosis and to rule out any reversible or treatable cause of memory loss. There are a number of treatments available which delay progression of dementia in certain patients.  In addition, patients affected by memory loss need a lot of support from their family and friends to carry out their daily routines, especially if they need to take medication or follow a certain type of diet. 

Support may also be needed from a physiotherapist, occupational therapist and speech therapist.  There is also increasing evidence that physical activity and fitness improve brain functioning.