Ask an expert: How does laser lithotripsy work?

In this informative article, highly respected consultant urological surgeon Mr Keng Jin Ng gives an expert guide to laser lithotripsy, including what the treatment entails, its benefits and what patients should expect from the recovery period to follow.

What is laser lithotripsy?

Laser lithotripsy, also known as laser stone surgery or laser kidney stone treatment, is a procedure in which a laser is used to break up kidney stones, bladder stones and other solid objects in the urinary tract.

What does laser lithotripsy entail?

A small scope is inserted through the urinary tract so that a laser can be used. The laser’s energy is directed at the stone, which shatters it into smaller pieces which can be passed through the urinary tract more easily and out of the body. Should any larger fragments of the stone remain, they can be removed in a miniature basket, inserted through the natural urinary passage and guided by the scope.

What are the benefits of laser lithotripsy?

The key advantage of laser lithotripsy is that it allows us to break up (fragment) kidney stones without having to perform open surgery. Compared to more traditional surgical approaches, patients tend to recover more quickly from laser lithotripsy. The modern procedure also has a lower risk of complications.

Who is suitable for laser lithotripsy?

In cases where kidney stones are causing severe pain or blockages, or are too big to be passed, laser lithotripsy may be recommended. Patients who are unsuitable for other types of kidney stone treatment, such as shockwave lithotripsy, may also benefit from treatment by laser. In addition, laser lithotripsy is more effective in breaking up stones found at the bottom part of the kidney.

How long does it take to recover from laser lithotripsy?

The majority of patients can return to work and normal activities after just a few days, although this can vary from patient to patient. In some cases, patients may take over-the-counter pain killers to relieve some mild pain or discomfort.

In cases where a ureteric stent is required, an internal hollow straw, this may cause some irritation. Ureteric stents are sometimes required in patients who have larger stones as this helps to protect the kidney and allows the drainage of large amounts of debris from the shattered stone.

Are there any risks or complications associated with laser lithotripsy?

Much like all types of medical procedures, some risks and complications can occur with laser lithotripsy. Although very unlikely, risks associated with this procedure can include bleeding, infection and damage to the surrounding tissue. The vast majority of patients, however, make a good recovery and don’t experience any significant issues following the procedure.

If you require treatment by laser lithotripsy and wish to schedule a consultation with Mr Ng, you can do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile.