TAVI: Frequently-asked questions

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a diseased aortic valve in patients with aortic stenosis. It offers an alternative to open-heart surgery, particularly for those at high surgical risk. Below are answers to common questions about TAVI.

Man, with chest pain, who required a TAVI procedure

What is TAVI?

TAVI is a procedure used to replace a narrowed aortic valve that is restricting blood flow. Instead of open-heart surgery, a replacement valve is inserted using a catheter, typically through an artery in the groin or chest. The new valve expands inside the diseased one, restoring normal blood flow.

Who is eligible for TAVI?

TAVI is generally recommended for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at moderate or high risk for open-heart surgery. This includes:

Older adults who may not tolerate major surgery well.
Patients with additional health conditions, such as lung disease or previous heart surgery.
Individuals who prefer a less invasive option with a shorter recovery time.

How does TAVI compare to open-heart surgery?

TAVI is less invasive than traditional aortic valve replacement surgery and offers several benefits:

Faster recovery: Most patients return to normal activities within weeks instead of months.
Shorter hospital stay: Many patients are discharged within a few days.
Lower surgical risk: Suitable for those who may not tolerate open-heart surgery.

However, open-heart surgery may still be recommended for younger, low-risk patients who need long-term durability from their replacement valve.

What are the risks of TAVI?

TAVI carries some risks. This includes:

Bleeding or vascular complications from catheter insertion.
Stroke or other neurological events.
Irregular heart rhythms, which may require a pacemaker.
Valve leakage, which may need further treatment.

Advances in TAVI technology continue to reduce these risks, improving patient outcomes.

How long does a TAVI valve last?

TAVI valves typically last 10 to 15 years, although durability studies are ongoing. The lifespan of the valve depends on factors such as patient age, activity level and overall health.

What is recovery like after TAVI?

Most patients recover quickly and experience symptom relief within days. Recovery includes:

Hospital stay: Typically two to five days, depending on overall health.
Activity restrictions: Light activities can resume within a week, but strenuous exercise should be avoided for a few weeks.
Follow-up care: Regular check-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor heart function and valve performance.

Can TAVI be repeated if needed?

Yes, if the TAVI valve wears out over time, another TAVI procedure (valve-in-valve replacement) may be an option, depending on individual circumstances.

TAVI is a safe and effective option for treating aortic stenosis in patients who aren’t ideal candidates for open-heart surgery. If you are experiencing symptoms of aortic stenosis, such as shortness of breath or chest pain, consult a specialist to determine whether TAVI is suitable for you.