What are the steps involved in a breast reduction procedure?

Breast reduction surgery, also referred to as reduction mammoplasty, is a procedure where excess breast tissue, fat and skin is removed to achieve a breast size that’s in better proportion to the body. It can help relieve physical discomfort such as back and neck pain, improve posture and make daily activities more comfortable.

Why do some people choose breast reduction surgery?

People may seek breast reduction for both physical and emotional reasons. Common concerns include:

• Chronic shoulder, neck or back pain;
• Skin irritation under the breasts;
• Difficulty exercising or finding well-fitting clothing;
• Unwanted attention or self-consciousness.

The procedure can provide relief from these issues and improve quality of life.

How should someone prepare for the procedure?

A consultation with a plastic surgeon will involve:

• Assessing general health and medical history;
• Discussing expectations and desired outcomes;
• Reviewing breast size, shape and skin quality;
• Taking photographs and measurements for planning;
• Discussing the risks, benefits and recovery timeline.

Patients may be advised to stop smoking and avoid certain medications before surgery.

What happens during the operation?

Breast reduction surgery is usually performed under general anaesthetic and typically takes 2 to 3 hours. The key steps include:

1. Marking the incision lines

The surgeon will draw precise markings on the breasts to guide where tissue will be removed and how the breasts will be reshaped.

2. Making the incisions

There are several incision techniques, depending on the amount of reduction needed. The most common is the anchor-shaped (inverted-T) pattern, which involves:

• A circle around the areola;
• A vertical line from the areola to the breast crease;
• A horizontal line along the breast fold.

3. Removing excess tissue

The surgeon removes excess fat, glandular tissue and skin. In most cases, the nipple is left attached to its original blood supply and moved to a higher position.

4. Reshaping the breasts

The remaining breast tissue is reshaped for a more lifted and symmetrical appearance. The areola may also be reduced in size for proportion.

5. Closing the incisions

Stitches are used to close the incisions, often with internal dissolvable sutures and external skin adhesives or surgical tape.

6. Applying dressings and support

Dressings are applied and the breasts are supported with a surgical bra. Drainage tubes may be temporarily placed in order to remove excess fluid.

What should be expected during recovery?

• Most people go home the same day or after one night in hospital;
• Swelling, bruising and discomfort are normal and usually improve within two weeks;
• A support bra should be worn for several weeks to aid healing;
• Strenuous activity should be avoided for around six weeks;
• Final results may take a few months to settle.

Are there any risks?

Like all surgery, breast reduction carries some risks:

• Scarring;
• Temporary or permanent changes in nipple sensation;
• Difficulty breastfeeding;
• Asymmetry or delayed wound healing.

A detailed consultation helps to minimise these risks through careful planning and post-operative care.