An overview of hydronephrosis

Hydronephrosis is a condition which involves swelling of the kidney due to a backup of urine, provoking frequent urination and causing discomfort. Mr Nav Johal, distinguished consultant paediatric urologist provides an overview of the condition, including diagnosis and treatment options.

What is hydronephrosis, and what causes it?

Hydronephrosis is a condition characterised by the swelling or dilation of the kidneys due to the accumulation of urine. It can be physiological and resolve spontaneously or it can be caused by a blockage or obstruction that may require surgery.

What are the symptoms of hydronephrosis, and when should I seek medical attention?

The majority of children with hydronephrosis are asymptomatic but some patients may have symptoms such as flank pain, frequent urination, urinary urgency, and in severe cases, nausea and vomiting. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, it is important to seek prompt medical attention, as untreated hydronephrosis can lead to kidney damage.

How is hydronephrosis diagnosed, and what tests are typically conducted?

Diagnosis of hydronephrosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Other tests such as nuclear medicine scans are often required. These tests help identify the underlying cause and assess the extent of the kidney dilation.

What are the treatment options for hydronephrosis?

The treatment for hydronephrosis depends on the underlying cause. It may include addressing infections with antibiotics or surgically correcting structural abnormalities causing obstructions. In some cases, a temporary drainage tube (catheter) may be inserted to alleviate pressure on the kidneys.

Can hydronephrosis lead to long-term complications or affect kidney function?

If left untreated, chronic hydronephrosis can lead to kidney damage and impaired kidney function. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications. In many cases, timely intervention can resolve the underlying cause and restore normal kidney function. Regular follow-ups with a specialist are essential to monitor kidney health after treatment.

If you are suffering from hydronephrosis and would like to book a consultation with Mr Johal, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.