Understanding dental fluorosis

Dental fluorosis is a cosmetic condition that often raises concerns among parents and individuals, yet it does not pose a threat to the overall health of teeth. It occurs when excessive fluoride is consumed during the formation of 'adult' teeth, typically between the ages of 3 months to 8 years. Once teeth have erupted through the gums, the risk of developing fluorosis diminishes. In her latest online article, Dr Anne Gormley gives us her insights.

Signs of fluorosis manifest as faint white or brown lines, or discoloured spots on the enamel or surface of the tooth. In most instances, fluorosis is subtle, presenting as tiny white specks or streaks on affected teeth. However, severe cases may lead to noticeable discoloration, unevenness, and rough texture of the teeth.

It's essential to understand that while fluorosis may alter the appearance of teeth, it does not compromise their functionality or health. Fluorosis occurs during the tooth development stage, affecting the enamel's formation. Enamel, the outer layer of the tooth, is comprised mostly of minerals, primarily hydroxyapatite. Fluoride, when present in excess during enamel formation, can disrupt its crystalline structure, leading to the characteristic discoloration associated with fluorosis.

Prevention of fluorosis primarily involves monitoring fluoride intake, especially during early childhood when teeth are developing. Sources of fluoride include fluoridated water, toothpaste, and certain dietary supplements. Dental professionals typically recommend using only a pea-sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste for young children and supervising their brushing habits to minimise the risk of swallowing excess fluoride.

Furthermore, understanding the difference between the recommended fluoride levels for dental health and excessive intake leading to fluorosis is crucial. While fluoride is instrumental in preventing tooth decay and strengthening enamel, overconsumption during tooth development can result in fluorosis.

Treatment options for fluorosis primarily focus on improving the appearance of affected teeth. These may include tooth whitening procedures, dental bonding, or the use of veneers to cover severely discoloured teeth. However, the necessity for treatment depends on the severity of the condition and individual preferences.

Dr Anne Gormley is an esteemed dentist. You can schedule an appointment with Dr Gormley on her Top Doctors profile.