Insulin resistance: complications, treatment and follow up
Written by:Insulin resistance is one of the driving factors that can lead to type 2 diabetes. In the second part of an in-depth look at this condition, renowned interventional cardiologist Dr Konrad Grosser offers his expert insight into the condition. He explains the clinical complications of poorly treated insulin resistance, the therapeutic options for insulin resistance and the follow-up for insulin resistance.
What are the clinical complications of poorly treated insulin resistance?
If left untreated, insulin resistance can lead to a range of health problems over time. One of the most common complications is type 2 diabetes, which occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin or use it properly. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, which can damage the blood vessels and nerves in the body.
Insulin resistance has also been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. One study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that individuals with insulin resistance had a 58% increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those without insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance has also been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including breast, colon, and prostate cancer. One study published in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that insulin resistance was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Other clinical complications of poorly treated insulin resistance include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder that can cause infertility, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition in which excess fat accumulates in the liver, leading to inflammation and liver damage.
Finally, insulin resistance has also been linked to cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. One study published in the journal Diabetes Care found that individuals with insulin resistance had poorer cognitive function and a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than those without insulin resistance.
What are the therapeutic options for insulin resistance?
The most effective treatment for insulin resistance is lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources can help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels. Regular exercise, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, can also improve insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss.
In addition to lifestyle changes, medications may also be used to treat insulin resistance. Metformin, a medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of developing diabetes in people with insulin resistance. Other medications, such as thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, may also be used to treat insulin resistance.
It is important to note that while medication can be effective in treating insulin resistance, it should not be used as a substitute for lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes should always be the first line of treatment for insulin resistance, with medication used as an adjunct therapy when necessary.
What is the follow-up for insulin resistance?
Regular follow-up is important for individuals with insulin resistance to monitor their progress and ensure that their treatment plan is working effectively. This may involve regular blood tests to monitor glucose and insulin levels, as well as regular physical exams to monitor weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Individuals with insulin resistance may also benefit from working with a healthcare provider, such as a dietitian or diabetes educator, to develop a personalized treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication. These healthcare providers can also provide ongoing support and education to help individuals with insulin resistance manage their condition and prevent complications.
Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor progress and prevent complications.
Dr Konrad Grosser is a renowned integrated functional cardiologist based in Canterbury, Maidstone and Margate. Please do not hesitate to book an appointment with Dr Grosser vis his Top Doctors profile if you are concerned or have any further questions.
