Intravitreal injections: Expert insight on what to expect
Written by:In this informative article for patients, highly respected consultant ophthalmologist Mr Venki Sundaram reveals what to expect from intravitreal injections and also discusses safety concerns. The leading specialist additionally offers expert insight on the range of conditions which may be treated with intravitreal injections.
What are intravitreal injections?
Intravitreal injections allow us to deliver medication directly into the vitreous humour, which is the gel-like substance that fills the posterior chamber of the eye. They are commonly used in the treatment of various eye conditions affecting the retina and the macula.
How are intravitreal injections administered?
The eye is numbed using topical anaesthesia or an anaesthetic injection near the eye. The patient's eye is then cleaned with an antiseptic solution. Using a very fine needle, the specialist then carefully inserts the needle through the white part of the eye (sclera) and into the vitreous cavity. The needle is typically inserted near the junction of the coloured part of the eye (iris) and the white part of the eye.
After the medication is injected, the needle is carefully removed, and a sterile pad or eye patch may be placed over the eye. The patient may be given antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection and instructed on post-injection care. Intravitreal injections are typically performed in an outpatient setting and may require multiple injections over a specific treatment period. The frequency and duration of the injections depend on the individual patient and the condition being treated.
When are intravitreal injections required?
Intravitreal injections are commonly used in the treatment of several eye conditions, including:
Are intravitreal injections safe?
Intravitreal injections are generally considered safe and effective when performed by a skilled and experienced ophthalmologist or retina specialist. They have revolutionised the treatment of various retinal and macular conditions and have significantly improved visual outcomes for many patients.
However, like any medical procedure, intravitreal injections do carry some risks, although they are relatively rare. Some of the potential risks and complications associated with intravitreal injections include:
- Infection: There is a small risk of infection following the injection. The use of sterile techniques and proper disinfection protocols helps minimise this risk.
- Increased intraocular pressure: In some cases, the injection may cause a temporary increase in intraocular pressure (pressure inside the eye). This is typically monitored and managed by the treating physician.
- Bleeding: Occasionally, the injection site may experience minor bleeding. The risk is higher for individuals with certain blood clotting disorders or those taking blood-thinning medications.
- Retinal detachment: Although rare, there is a small risk of retinal detachment, where the retina pulls away from the underlying tissue. Prompt detection and treatment can improve outcomes if this complication occurs.
- Cataract formation: Long-term use of intravitreal injections, particularly those containing anti-VEGF medications, may slightly increase the risk of developing cataracts. Cataracts can cause clouding of the eye's lens and affect vision.
- Eye irritation or discomfort: Some patients may experience temporary redness, irritation, or discomfort in the eye following the injection. These symptoms typically resolve on their own.
It's important to note that the benefits of intravitreal injections often outweigh the potential risks, especially when treating conditions that can lead to severe vision loss if left untreated. Your specialist will discuss the potential risks and benefits with you and help determine the most appropriate treatment approach based on your specific condition and circumstances.
If you wish to schedule a consultation with Mr Sundaram, you can do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile.
