When is thumb joint replacement surgery indicated?

Thumb joint replacement surgery, also known as thumb arthroplasty, becomes necessary when the thumb joint deteriorates due to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. These conditions cause limited mobility, pain and stiffness in the thumb joint, impacting daily activities like gripping and pinching.

What does the surgery entail?

Thumb joint replacement surgery involves having damaged parts of the thumb joint removed,  and replacing them with artificial components made of metal or plastic. The procedure usually takes a few hours and is mostly done under general anaesthesia. Surgeons carefully sculpt the new joint to fit the patient’s anatomy and restore function.

How long does it typically take to recover?

Recovery time from thumb joint replacement surgery can vary from person to person. There is generally a period of immobilisation followed by physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility in the thumb. Patients may need to wear a splint or cast for several weeks to protect the newly replaced joint while it heals.

What are the risks associated with the surgery?

Like any surgical procedure, thumb joint replacement surgery carries risks such as:

• infection
• bleeding
• nerve damage

There is also a risk of implant failure or loosening over time, which may require revision surgery. However, these risks are minimised when the surgery is performed by experienced orthopaedic surgeons.

When is thumb joint replacement surgery indicated?

The ideal candidates for thumb joint replacement surgery are typically individuals who have severe thumb arthritis that does not respond to conservative treatments such as medication, splinting, or physical therapy. Candidates should be in good overall health and have realistic expectations about the outcomes of the surgery.

What are the benefits of thumb joint replacement surgery?

Thumb joint replacement surgery can significantly improve pain, mobility, and function in the affected thumb, allowing patients to resume activities they enjoy without discomfort. This procedure can also prevent further deterioration of the joint and delay or avoid the need for more invasive procedures like fusion.

How long can I expect the results of thumb joint replacement surgery to last?

The results of thumb joint replacement last, on average, 10 to 15 years or more before requiring revision surgery. Factors that can affect longevity include the patient’s age, activity level, and the type of implant used.  However, some patients may experience complications or wear and tear that necessitate earlier intervention.

Are there alternatives to thumb joint replacement surgery?

Before considering thumb joint replacement surgery, patients may explore non-surgical treatments. These include:

• anti-inflammatory medications
• steroid injections
• splinting
• physical therapy

In cases where these treatments fail to provide adequate relief, surgical options like joint fusion or joint reconstruction may be considered as alternatives to joint replacement.

Thumb joint replacement surgery is a viable option for individuals suffering from severe thumb arthritis that interferes with daily life. The procedure offers significant benefits in terms of pain relief and improved function