Common gynaecological problems: A guide for women
Written by:In his latest online article, leading consultant gynaecologist Mr Michael Magro delves into some of the most common everyday gynaecological problems faced by women. He offers his expert insight into vaginal discharge, irregular periods and more.
What causes vaginal discharge?
The first thing to know about vaginal discharge is that for many women, it's a normal phenomenon. The amount, smell, content, and consistency can change in certain situations. This fluid is necessary to keep the vagina moist, facilitate sexual intercourse, and prevent infections. Throughout your cycle, especially when ovulating, the amount of discharge will fluctuate. Factors such as hormonal contraception or pregnancy can also influence it. It's essential to acknowledge these fluctuations.
However, if you notice a significant change in smell, or consistency, or experience pelvic pain, vaginal soreness, or discomfort during sexual intercourse, it's important to consult either someone in a sexual health clinic, their GP, or a gynaecologist.
Sexually transmitted infections, such as herpes, chlamydia, or gonorrhoea, can be significant causes. Prompt evaluation in a sexual health clinic is crucial if there's any suspicion of an STI. Other factors, like non-sexually transmitted infections (such as bacterial vaginosis or thrush), can also contribute. Avoid using female hygiene products, as they may disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, worsening the situation. Similarly, douching, or cleaning inside the vagina, can disturb the natural healthy bacteria and lead to an overgrowth of abnormal bacteria. It's best to avoid these practices and seek help if there are concerns.
Why do I have irregular periods?
There are numerous reasons why periods may be irregular, some of which are normal, while others may indicate an underlying issue. Factors such as stress, excessive exercise, eating disorders, sudden weight changes, or hormonal imbalances can affect menstrual cycles. It's important to recognise that what's considered a "normal" cycle length can vary greatly among women, ranging from every 24 to 38 days.
Hormonal imbalances, conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome, vaginal infections, vaginal dryness (especially in perimenopausal women), or issues within the reproductive organs can all contribute to irregular periods. Seeking help from a gynaecologist is advisable if there are concerns, as these issues often present with other symptoms.
How can I reduce my risk of cervical cancer?
There are two main ways to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. For those in the age group eligible for the HPV vaccine (typically 12 to 13-year-olds), it's crucial to receive the vaccine, as it has been highly effective in nearly eradicating cervical cancer among those vaccinated. For older women who may have already been exposed to HPV, regular cervical screening, or smear tests, are essential.
Cervical screening is offered to individuals aged 25 to 64 in the UK. This screening is vital because it can detect abnormalities in the cervix before they progress to cancer. If abnormalities are found, further evaluation through colposcopy can lead to early treatment, preventing the development of cervical cancer. Attending smear tests and follow-up appointments is critical for early detection and intervention.
Which birth control method is right for me?
Choosing the right birth control method depends on various factors, including individual health, medical history, preferences, and lifestyle. Options range from oral contraceptives (which come in progesterone-only or combined hormonal forms) to patches, vaginal rings, contraceptive implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), diaphragms, condoms, and permanent options like vasectomy or sterilisation. Each method has its benefits and considerations, and it may require some trial and error to find the most suitable one. Discussing options with a healthcare provider and utilising resources like the Contraception Choices Tool can help individuals make informed decisions about their birth control.
Mr Michael Magro is a renowned consultant gynaecologist based in London. If you would like to book a consultation with Mr Magro, you can do so today via his Top Doctors profile.
