What is androgyny?

Androgyny, or hyperandrogenism is a disorder characterised by an excessive presence of androgens in women. Androgens are male sex hormones (testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione). When present in excess in women, causes the development of certain characteristics or bodily changes including: 

• increased body hair (hirsutism);
• alopecia;
• acne or seborrhea;
• disturbances in the menstrual cycle, and; 
• anovulation. 

What are the causes of hyperandrogenism and androgyny?

The main causes of androgyny include polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a malfunction of the adrenal gland, an enzyme deficiency during pregnancy, or some medication. Hyperandrogenism treatment depends on the cause.

What are are the symptoms of hyperandrogenism and androgyny?

Symptoms of hyperandrogenism include:

• Oily skin (seborrhoea);
• Acne;
• Thick hair growth (hirsutism) - on the face particularly in the beard and moustache area, as well as on the limbs, underarm and pubic area;
• Deep voice;
• Male pattern balding;
• Irregular periods;
• Increased muscle mass and smaller breast size;
• Infertility;
• Obesity.

How is androgyny diagnosed?

Blood tests analyse hormones to determine hyperandrogenism. This includes testing the thyroid function and looking for:

• the follicle stimulating hormone; 
• the sex hormone binding globulin, and;
• testosterone, among others.

Patients may also be offered a pelvic ultrasound scan. This looks for ovarian cysts.

Can androgyny be prevented?

There's no one solution to the prevention of hyperandrogenism. However, it's important to maintain a healthy lifestyle particularly regarding food and exercise. Maintaining a healthy weight and checking that glucose, lipid and blood pressure are at normal levels in order to prevent any future complications.

How is hyperandrogenism treated?

Hormone therapy is used to treat hyperandrogenism. 

Treatment for patients with acne include:

• topical creams; 
• oral antibiotics such as tetracycline, antiandrogens (hormone therapy, including the birth control pill) and oral isotretinoin.

What specialist treats hyperandrogenism?

Endocrinologists are the specialists that treat hyperandrogenism.