Viral hepatitis
Specialty of Genitourinary Medicine
What is hepatitis?
Hepatitis is the general term for inflammation affecting the liver, consequently causing it to function improperly. There are several kinds of viral hepatitis, including A, B, C, D, and E.
Hepatitis can also be caused by drinking too much alcohol. There is also another form of hepatitis called autoimmune hepatitis, in which the immune system attacks the liver and damages it.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of hepatitis include:
- Cloudy urine
- Fatigue
- Febricula
- Itching
- Jaundice
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weight loss
- Headaches
- Pharyngitis and cough
Causes of hepatitis
Hepatitis can occur for different reasons:
- Immune cells of the body that attack the liver
- Viral infections
- Liver damage caused by excess alcohol or toxins
- Overdose of medications such as for analgesics.
Viral hepatitis can be passed on in different ways, depending on the type. For example, hepatitis B is common worldwide, but is not common in the UK, and it is spread through the blood of an infected person. Hepatitis D is another form of hepatitis which only affects those already infected with hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C is the most common type of hepatitis in the UK. It is also transmitted through the blood of an infected person, and is most commonly transmitted through needle sharing when injecting drugs.
Hepatitis E is on the increase in Europe and is passed on through raw or undercooked pork and offal. It can also be passed on through uncooked venison, shellfish, and wild boar.
Can it be prevented?
Hepatitis A and B can be prevented through a vaccine. To avoid getting hepatitis B and C, it is important not to share personal items such as razor blades, and make sure that proper hygiene protocol is followed if you are getting a body piercing or tattoo.
Hepatitis A and E can be avoided by not consuming or using food or water that is not clean, washing hands thoroughly after going to the bathroom, and washing hands after being in contact with the blood, faeces or bodily fluids of an infected person.
What is the treatment?
The treatment varies according to the cause of the condition. The treatment for hepatitis A, for example, may simply be bed rest. In the case of hepatitis B, medication may be administered but only if chronic. Hepatitis C is treated through antiviral medications. Your hepatologist or specialist will advise on the best form of treatment, if necessary.
In cases of liver damage, a transplant may be necessary.
Articles related to
What causes jaundice in babies and adults?
By Dr Deepak Joshi
2019-09-10
Jaundice is one of the most common conditions that can affect newborns with an estimated 6 out of 10 babies developing it. Even though it is much rarer, adults can develop it too. Dr Deepak Joshi, a leading hepatologist in London, explains to us the different causes in babies and adults and how it can be treated. See more
Is there a cure for hepatitis? A look at treatments
By Dr Patrick Kennedy
2019-09-08
Leading hepatologist, Dr Patrick Kennedy looks at the treatments for the different forms of viral hepatitis and answers the question of whether there is a cure. See more
What is viral hepatitis and how is it diagnosed?
By Dr Patrick Kennedy
2019-09-07
Leading consultant hepatologist, Dr Patrick Kennedy, explains what viral hepatitis is, what the symptoms are, and how it is diagnosed. See more
Experts in
-
Dr Patrick Kennedy
Hepatology (liver specialist)Expert in:
- Liver disease
- Liver function tests
- Viral hepatitis
- Fatty liver
- Alcoholism
- Abdominal pain
-
Dr Phillip Harrison
Hepatology (liver specialist)Expert in:
- Liver disease
- Liver transplant
- Fatty liver
- ERCP
- Viral hepatitis
-
Dr Andrew Peter Holt
Hepatology (liver specialist)Expert in:
- Cirrhosis
- Alcoholic liver disease
- Fatty liver
- Viral hepatitis
- Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
- Liver transplant