Colposcopy: a comprehensive guide

Referrals for colposcopy in the UK have risen significantly in the last two years. Respected consultant gynaecologist and obstetrician Mr Ashfaq Khan explains the procedure, including why it is necessary and how to understand the results.

What is a colposcopy?

Colposcopy is a medical procedure that plays a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of cervical abnormalities. It is a simple and effective examination which permits the examination of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, and the vaginal walls.

What happens during the procedure?

During a colposcopy, the patient lies on an examination table with their feet placed in stirrups. The specialist will use a speculum to gently open the vaginal canal, allowing for clear visualisation of the cervix.

The colposcope, (an instrument equipped with magnifying lenses) is then used to closely examine the cervix. If any abnormal areas are identified, the doctor may perform a biopsy by taking small tissue samples for further examination in a laboratory.

When is it necessary?

Colposcopy is typically recommended when a Pap smear, the screening test used for cervical cancer, shows abnormal results. It helps to determine the cause of the abnormality and assess the extent of any potential cervical changes, such as precancerous lesions or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

It may also be recommended if an individual experiences symptoms such as unexplained vaginal bleeding or post-coital bleeding.

What side effects are associated with colposcopy?

Colposcopy is generally a safe procedure with minimal side effects. Some individuals may experience mild discomfort or cramping during the examination, particularly when a biopsy is performed. Additionally, a small amount of vaginal bleeding or discharge may occur for a day or two following the procedure. It is important to note that serious complications are rare.

What happens after the procedure?  

After a colposcopy, most individuals can resume regular activities immediately. Experts advise avoiding the use of tampons, engaging in sexual intercourse, or vaginal douching for a few days in order to allow the cervix to heal.

If a biopsy was taken, it is common for women to experience mild spotting or dark discharge for a short period following the procedure. In case of persistent bleeding, heavy discharge, severe pain, or fever, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider promptly.

Understanding the Results

The results of colposcopy and any subsequent biopsies provide essential information for further management. If no significant abnormalities are found, routine cervical cancer screening is recommended.

In the case of abnormal results, the doctor may recommend further tests or interventions, such as a cervical cone biopsy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), or close monitoring to identify and address any potential precancerous or cancerous conditions.

If you require a coloscopy and would like to book a consultation with Mr Khan, do not hesitate to do so by visiting his Top Doctors profile today.