Medical dictionary

What is an epiretinal membrane? An epiretinal membrane is a translucent cellular membrane that develops over the macula (the central part of the retina responsible for vision of detail and movement). These cells are normally derived from the retina but may also be derived from deeper layers, such as the pigmented epithelium. These cells secrete collagen and form a mesh; when this membrane co

What is epistaxis? Epistaxis is a nosebleed originating from the nostrils. It is rarely life-threatening and is classified according to its location, whether it is anterior or posterior. An anterior nosebleed is common and does it not require urgent attention. A posterior nosebleed is rare and will need immediate medical care.   What causes a nosebleed? It can be caused by

What is analysed in the test? Epstein-Barr virus antibody testing examines specific elements in the blood, focusing on the presence and levels of antibodies produced in response to the Epstein-Barr virus. What do the results indicate? The results provide insight into the individual's immune response to the Epstein-Barr virus. Positive results indicate exposure or current infection

What is an ERCP?Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive diagnostic and treatment procedure. ERCP combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat problems of the pancreatic or biliary ductal systems.  What does an ERCP involve?The procedure is performed in three main steps:You will be lying down on your left side, on the fluoroscope flatbed

What is erectile dysfunction? Erectile dysfunction is the difficulty or inability to achieve or maintain an erection of the penis that results in a satisfactory sexual relationship. It is also known as impotence. Erectile dysfunction is extremely common and increases with age. If it happens frequently, you should see a doctor. What symptoms does it present? The main symptom of erectil

What is ergonomics? Ergonomics is the study of posture which is the position in which someone holds their body. It is a multi-displincary technique developed in Europe and practised in France and Spain, and a number of other countries too. It is not widespread in the UK however. Posturology considers posture from a whole perspective and aims to correct bad posture which in turn should prev

What is emergency surgery? ER or emergency surgery or emergency general surgery is surgery performed in situations where there is an acute threat to life, organ or tissue. Such a threat may be caused by illness, surgical complication, trauma, or an acute change in a chronic illness. Emergency surgery is something that many types of specialist will have training in, in particular any consul

What is analysed? Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) measures the rate at which red blood cells settle in a vertical column of blood over a certain period, typically one hour. What does the result mean? The result indicates the degree of inflammation or tissue damage in the body. Higher ESR values often correlate with inflammatory conditions, infections, autoimmune diseases, and cer

What is being analysed in this test? This test analyses the amount of Erythropoietin (EPO) in the blood. is a hormone primarily produced by the kidneys, although a small amount is also produced by the liver. It plays a crucial role in the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) by stimulating the bone marrow.   What does the result mean? The result of an erythropoietin